| 101591. |
- Schön, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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System Identification of Nonlinear State-Space Models
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the parameter estimation of a general class of nonlinear dynamic systems in state-space form. More specifically, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework is employed and an Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is derived to compute these ML estimates. The Expectation (E) step involves solving a nonlinear state estimation problem, where the smoothed estimates of the states are required. This problem lends itself perfectly to the particle smoother, which provides arbitrarily good estimates. The maximisation (M) step is solved using standard techniques from numerical optimisation theory. Simulation examples demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed solution.
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| 101592. |
- Schön, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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System Identification of Nonlinear State-Space Models
- 2011
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In: Automatica. - : Elsevier. - 0005-1098 .- 1873-2836. ; 47:1, s. 39-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the parameter estimation of a general class of nonlinear dynamic systems in state-space form. More specifically, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework is employed and an Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is derived to compute these ML estimates. The Expectation (E) step involves solving a nonlinear state estimation problem, where the smoothed estimates of the states are required. This problem lends itself perfectly to the particle smoother, which provides arbitrarily good estimates. The maximisation (M) step is solved using standard techniques from numerical optimisation theory. Simulation examples demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed solution.
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| 101593. |
- Schön, T., et al.
(author)
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Wild-type distributions of seven oral second-line drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2011
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In: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719 .- 1815-7920. ; 15:4, s. 502-509
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To determine wild-type minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the background data for defining susceptibility breakpoints are limited. METHODS: We determined wild-type MIC distributions of M. tuberculosis using a 96-stick replicator in Middlebrook 7H10 (7H10) medium for ethionamide (ETH), prothionamide, thiacetazone, cycloserine, rifabutin (RFB), clofazimine and linezolid in consecutive susceptible clinical isolates (n = 78). RESULTS: Tentative epidemiological wild-type cut-offs (ECOFF) were determined for all investigated drugs where World Health Organization recommended critical concentrations for 7H10 are lacking, except for ETH. As the ECOFF was closely related to the non-wild-type strains for ETH and thiacetazone, the use of an intermediary (1) category in drug susceptibility testing could increase reproducibility. The cross-resistance between ETH and isoniazid was 21%. Applying 0.5 mg/l as a breakpoint for RFB classified two non-wild type and rpoB mutated isolates as susceptible for RFB and resistant against rifampicin. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that wild-type MIC distributions should be used as a tool to define clinical breakpoints against second-line drugs. This is increasingly important considering the rapid emergence of drug resistance.
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| 101594. |
- Schön, Ulla-Karin
(author)
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Kunskapsbaserad praktik och brukarmedverkan för att stödja människors återhämtning från psykisk ohälsa
- 2011
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In: Hälsa, Livskvalitet och Välfärd. Forskningskonferens. - Falun.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bakgrund Behovet av en evidensbaserad praktik påtalas allt mer. Det handlar bland annat om ett behov av att implementera ny kunskap, att systematiserat följa upp de insatser som ges, och i högre utsträckning inkludera brukaren i insatsernas utformning. I dag är kunskapen fortfarande begränsad kring betydelsen av brukarmedverkan både för verksamhetsutveckling och för den enskildes livskvalitet och upplevelse av tjänsterna. När det gäller stöd och service till människor med psykisk ohälsa har faktorer som brukarmedverkan, kontinuitet, sociala relationer identifierats som grundläggande i återhämtningsforskningen. Men denna kunskap har i mycket begränsad omfattning fått implikationer på politik och praktik. Det saknas metoder och system för en evidensbaserad psykiatri och socialtjänst till stöd för människors återhämtning från psykisk ohälsa. Syfte Projektet ska studera former för brukarmedverkan i en kunskapsbaserad praktik. Den centrala forskningsfrågan handlar sålunda om brukarmedverkan kan bidra till verksamhetsutveckling och förbättra den enskildes livskvalitet och upplevelse av tjänsterna. Om systematiserade mätningar av brukarupplevelse påverkar de insatser som ges till människor med psykisk ohälsa, med speciellt fokus på samspelet mellan individens erfarenhetskunskap och personalens bemötande och verksamheters utbud. Projektets syfte och forskningsfråga rymmer även ett återhämtningsperspektiv i vilket ovanstående frågor studeras utifrån grundantagandet att en ökad brukarmedverkan bidrar till ökade möjligheter till återhämtning. I projektet planeras tre delstudier, var och en med sin speciella fokusering när det gäller kunskap, implikationer för praktiken och individers möjligheter till återhämtning. Metod Delstudie 1 är en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Delstudie 2 har en explorativ ansats där en erfarenhetspanel planeras samt brukarerfarna forskningspartners. Fokusgruppsintervjuer samt individuella intervjuer kommer att genomföras. Delstudie 3 är en kvantitativ studie där en validerad skattningsskala, Inspire 3.0, kommer att användas.
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| 101595. |
- Schön, Ulla-Karin, 1970-
(author)
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Recovery from mental illness, a gender perspective
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:3, s. 557-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and research objectives: Recovery from mental illness is an individual process characterized by regaining a positive sense of self and developing a new meaning. Knowledge concerning differences between male and female recovery processes is, however, limited. The objective of this study was to determine gender diversity in what individuals described as decisive factors for their recovery. Subjects and methods: In this qualitative study based on grounded theory 30 first-person accounts of recovery from mental illness are examined. After informed consent data were collected through in-depth interviews with people in recovery from psychosis, bipolar disorders or personality disorders. Results: The results show that in spite of structural gender inequalities, female gender norms seem to be an advantage in the recovery process. The female participants were focused on making sense and meaning in their recovery process, while the male participants were focused on control over symptoms and reinforcement of traditional roles such as occupation and independence. Another result showed psychiatric hospitalization to mainly contribute to male recovery processes. Conclusion: These results provide new insights into gender as an important factor in understanding recovery processes and in providing care to facilitate these processes.
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| 101596. |
- Schön, Ulla-Karin, 1970-
(author)
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The power of identification. Peer support in recovery from mental illness
- 2010
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 12:2, s. 83-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: Peer support has been described as facilitating individuals’ recovery from mental illness and offer useful support, hope and encouragement. The aim of this study was to explore how individuals with experience of severe mental illness in Sweden perceived peer support facilitating their recovery. The results from the grounded theory analysis of 24 in depth interviews illustrated that despite diagnoses of severe mental illness, often described in terms of an inability to interact with other people, the identification when meeting others with similar experiences was powerful. The participants described how peer support meant an end to isolation and became an arena for identification, normalization, connection and being important to others. Involvement in the peer support group was related to time and recovery stage, the participants pay attention to their own achievements in relation to peers and their recovery progress, comparing their level of wellness with that of their peers.
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| 101597. |
- Schönbacher Gillå, Manuela, et al.
(author)
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Modeller för riskbedömning av konsumenttjänster : En kunskapsöversikt
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport har till syfte att granska vilken forskning som finns avseende riskbedömning av konsumenttjänster och vilka modeller som används för att genomföra riskbedömningen. Rapporten har tillkommit på uppdrag av Konsumentverket som en del i ett pågående projekt om tillämpad tjänstesäkerhet som syftar till att utveckla en modell för riskbedömning av tjänster.Denna kunskapsöversikt har sammanställts utifrån sökningar i databaser och via sökmotorer. Efter manuell genomgång bedömdes sex studier vara relevanta för denna kunskapsöversikt. Forskningen som finns är mycket begränsad, varför kunskapsöversikten har kompletterats med material som Konsumentverket tipsat om, samt sådant som hittats genom manuella genomgångar av relevanta artiklars referenslistor. Sökningarna har varit inriktade på tjänster inom turism.Fokus i forskningen ligger på arrangörers riskbedömningar. De modeller som framkommit grundar ofta sin riskbedömning på sannolikheter och konsekvenser, både utifrån kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Modellerna kan vara tekniska och detaljrika eller översiktliga och flexibla.Modellerna som presenterats är inte direkt tillämpbara inom Konsumentverkets tillsynsområde men kunskapssammanställningen bör kunna utgöra ett underlag för ett fortsatt arbete med utveckling av en modell för riskbedömning av tjänster vid Konsumentverket.
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| 101598. |
- Schönberg-Norio, Daniela, et al.
(author)
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Patient-reported complications associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection
- 2010
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In: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 138:7, s. 1004-1011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of complications, especially musculoskeletal symptoms, after sporadic Campylobacter jejuni enteritis of domestic origin in Finland. This multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted during a seasonal peak in 2002. Questionnaires were sent to Campylobacter-positive patients, representing different geographical areas, 2 months after collection of positive stool samples. Medical records were viewed in several cases. Besides antimicrobial susceptibility testing C. jejuni isolates were serotyped. A total of 235 patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 201 C. jejuni-positive patients were finally included in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with C. jejuni enteritis were frequent (39%); joint pain was most commonly reported (81%). The incidence of reactive arthritis was 4% and that of Achilles enthesopathy and/or heel pain was 9%. Stomach ache during enteritis was associated with the later development of joint pain. Antimicrobial treatment was common but did not prevent complications.
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| 101599. |
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| 101600. |
- Schönborn, Konrad, et al.
(author)
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Exploring students’ interpretation of electric fields around molecules using a haptic virtual model: An evolving study
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. - Edgewood : University of KwaZulu-Natal. - 9789299004395 ; , s. 242-248
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surprisingly, very little empirical work has explored the application of students’ knowledge about electric fields to a chemistry context. In response, this paper reports a pilot study that investigated students’ conceptions about electric fields, and how interaction with a haptic virtual model impacts understanding of electric fields around molecules. Students first responded to specially-designed written free response items that probed knowledge transfer. The participants then interacted with the model while performing think-aloud tasks where different haptic modes offered by the model were activated. Qualitative induction of the data revealed that although students demonstrated a pronounced and classical understanding of electrostatic forces and electric fields, they struggled to apply this knowledge to a molecular context. Interestingly, there was a strong association between the existence of an electric field around a molecule with the notion of chemical polarity. Analysis of videotaped interaction with the model provided evidence for distinct influences on students’ understanding, which included using the model to gain unique insight into the nature of electric fields, and as a sensory tool for actively challenging existing alternative conceptions. Future work will expand the research framework presented here and also distil what specific perceptual experiences are related to any changes in knowledge.
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