| 91. |
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| 92. |
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| 93. |
- Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, et al.
(author)
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Risk of prostate cancer is not associated with levels of C-reactive protein and other commonly used markers of inflammation
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 10:2, s. 207-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most population-based studies studied the association between inflammation and prostate cancer (PCa) by assessing C-reactive protein (CRP). Since these findings have shown inconsistent results, we aimed to also study different markers that have been commonly taken as indications of inflammation.A cohort based on four groups of men (n=34,891), according to age at cohort entry (45, 55, 65, and 75 years), with measurements of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, haptoglobin, albumin, hemoglobin, and leukocytes were selected from the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) database. 17,937 had measurements of non-high-sensitivity CRP. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze associations between inflammatory markers and PCa.A total of 49 out of 12,063 men developed PCa in the age 45 group, while 207 out of 9,940, 472 out of 8,266, and 276 out of 3,618 were diagnosed in the age 55, 65, and age 75 groups, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 7.5 years (SD: 3.9). No markers showed an association with PCa risk, nor was there a trend by quartiles or an indication for different PCa risks by strata of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia status.The studied markers were not found to be associated with PCa risk. These null-findings might be due to methodological issues, however it is unlikely that strong and long-lasting associations between inflammation and PCa risk were missed as this was a large database with long follow-up. This indicates need for international consensus on appropriate inflammatory markers in the context of cancer that may be practically applied in large studies.
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| 94. |
- Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, et al.
(author)
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Risk of thromboembolic diseases in men with prostate cancer : results from the population-based PCBaSe Sweden
- 2010
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In: The Lancet Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 11:5, s. 450-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Cancer is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic diseases, but data on the association between prostate cancer and thromboembolic diseases are scarce. We investigated the risk of thromboembolic disease in men with prostate cancer who were receiving endocrine treatment, curative treatment, or surveillance. Methods We analysed data from PCBaSe Sweden, a database based on the National Prostate Cancer Register, which covers over 96% of prostate cancer cases in Sweden. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) of deep-venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and arterial embolism were calculated by comparing observed and expected (using the total Swedish male population) occurrences of thromboembolic disease, taking into account age, calendar-time, number of thromboembolic diseases, and time since previous thromboembolic disease. Findings Between Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2007, 30 642 men received primary endocrine therapy, 26 432 curative treatment, and 19 526 surveillance. 1881 developed a thromboembolic disease. For men on endocrine therapy, risks for DVT (SIR 2·48, 95% CI 2·25–2·73) and pulmonary embolism (1·95, 1·81–2·15) were increased, although this was not the case for arterial embolism (1·00, 0·82–1·20). Similar patterns were seen for men who received curative treatment (DVT: 1·73, 1·47–2·01; pulmonary embolism: 2·03, 1·79–2·30; arterial embolism: 0·95, 0·69–1·27) and men who were on surveillance (DVT: 1·27, 1·08–1·47; pulmonary embolism: 1·57, 1·38–1·78; arterial embolism: 1·08, 0·87–1·33). Increased risks for thromboembolic disease were maintained when patients were stratified by age and tumour stage. Interpretation All men with prostate cancer were at higher risk of thromboembolic diseases, with the highest risk for those on endocrine therapy. Our results indicate that prostate cancer itself, prostate cancer treatments, and selection mechanisms all contribute to increased risk of thromboembolic disease. Thromboembolic disease should be a concern when managing patients with prostate cancer.
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| 95. |
- Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, et al.
(author)
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Serum calcium and incident and fatal prostate cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study
- 2012
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 23:8, s. 1349-1358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Observational studies have shown a positive association between intake of dairy products as well as serum levels of calcium and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. We studied the association between serum calcium and PCa while also accounting for levels of albumin, a protein to which calcium is bound.Methods A cohort based on 196,022 men with baseline information on calcium (mmol/L) and albumin (g/L) was selected from the Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study. Age-stratified multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze associations between calcium and incident and fatal PCa risk.Results A total of 6,353 men were diagnosed with PCa and 731 died of PCa during mean follow-up of 12 years. A weak negative association was found between levels of calcium or albumin-corrected calcium and PCa risk (HR for quartiles of albumin-corrected calcium: 0.95 (0.89-1.02), 0.93 (0.86-1.00), and 0.91 (0.85-0.98) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile compared to the 1st; p for trend: 0.012). BMI did not affect these findings. No association was found between calcium levels and fatal PCa. A positive association between Ca and death was observed when censoring for PCa [HR per SD: 1.14 (1.13-1.16)].Conclusion The weak negative association between Ca and PCa risk is likely explained by the relation between Ca and death. This illustrates the need to handle competing risks when defining whether Ca is involved in PCa etiology or whether it acts as a marker of other metabolic events in the causal pathway.
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| 96. |
- van Hemelrijck, Mieke, et al.
(author)
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The interplay between lipid profiles, glucose, BMI and risk of kidney cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 130:9, s. 2118-2128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With exception of cholesterol and total fat intake, associations between lipid biomarkers and kidney cancer have not often been researched. We aimed to assess possible links between lipid profiles and kidney cancer risk in a large prospective cohort study, while also taking into account glucose levels and BMI. A cohort based on 542,924 persons with baseline information on glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC) and creatinine was selected from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk study. A subgroup of 85,621 also had baseline measurements of HDL, LDL, apolipoprotein A-I and apoB. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze associations between quartiles and dichotomized values of these lipid components and kidney cancer risk. During a mean follow-up of 13 years, 958 persons developed kidney cancer. TGs were the only lipid component for which a statistically significant association was found with kidney cancer risk when using both quartiles and a clinical cutoff (hazard ratio: 1.25 (95% CI: 0.99-1.60), 1.29 (1.01-1.66) and 1.66 (1.30-2.13) for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile, compared to the 1st, with p-value for trend: <0.001). The association remained after exclusion of the 95% percentile of TG. Quartiles of glucose were also positively associated with kidney cancer risk, whereas quartiles of TC were negatively associated with kidney cancer risk. This detailed analysis of lipid components only showed a consistent relation between TG levels and kidney cancer risk. Further mechanistic studies are required to assess links between lipid abnormalities and kidney cancer.
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| 97. |
- Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, et al.
(author)
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Thromboembolic events following surgery for prostate cancer
- 2013
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 63:2, s. 354-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) and surgery are both associated with increased risk of thromboembolic diseases (TED). Objective: We assessed risk of TED among men undergoing different types of urologic surgery. Design, setting, and participants: Using the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden (PCBaSe) Sweden, we identified all men (n = 45 065) undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without PLND, orchiectomy due to PCa, or a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We identified a comparison cohort from the population. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Main outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) as primary diagnoses in the National Patient Register or Cause of Death Register (2002-2010). We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results and limitations: All surgical procedures were associated with increased risk of TED; laparoscopic and open RP with a PLND were the most strongly associated with TED (HR for PE: 8.1 [95% CI, 2.9-23.0] and 7.8 [95% CI, 4.9-13], respectively). For surgery including a PLND, the risk increased during the second half of the first postoperative month. The HR for PE after TURP in men with PCa was 3.0 (95% CI, 1.8-5.1). Patients with a history of TED had a strongly increased risk of TED (HR for DVT: 4.5; 95% CI, 2.6-8.0). A limitation is lack of information on TED prophylaxis, but its use was standardized during the study period for RP and PLND. Other limitations are lack of information on extent of PLND and lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Surgeries for PCa, including TURP, are associated with hospitalization for TED. Patients with a history of TED and patients undergoing a PLND were at highest risk. The largest risk was observed from days 14 to 28 postoperatively. Thus, our results suggest that prophylactic measures may be beneficial during the first 4 wk in these patients. (C) 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 98. |
- Ventimiglia, Eugenio, et al.
(author)
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How to measure temporal changes in care pathways for chronic diseases using health care registry data
- 2019
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In: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : BMC. - 1472-6947. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Disease trajectories for chronic diseases can span over several decades, with several time-dependent factors affecting treatment decisions. Thus, there is a need for long-term predictions of disease trajectories to inform patients and healthcare professionals on the long-term outcomes and provide information on the need of future health care. Here, we propose a state transition model to describe and predict disease trajectories up to 25 years after diagnosis in men with prostate cancer (PCa), as a proof of principle. Methods: States, state transitions, and transition probabilities were identified and estimated in Prostate Cancer data Base of Sweden (PCBaSeTraject), using nationwide population-based data from 118,743 men diagnosed with PCa. A state transition model in discrete time steps (i.e., 4 weeks) was developed and applied to capture all possible transitions (PCBaSeSim). Transition probabilities were estimated for changes in both treatment and comorbidity. These models combined yielded parameter estimates to run an individual-level simulation based on the state-transition model to obtain prediction estimates. Predicted estimates were then compared to real world data in PCBaSeTraject. Results: PCBaSeSim estimates for the cumulative incidence of first and second transitions, death from PCa and death from other causes were compared to observed transitions in PCBaSeTraject. A good agreement was found between simulated and observed estimates. Conclusions: We developed a reliable and accurate simulation tool, PCBaSeSim that provides information on disease trajectories for subjects with a chronic disease on an individual and population-based level.
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| 99. |
- Wulaningsih, Wahyu, et al.
(author)
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Associations of C-Reactive Protein, Granulocytes and Granulocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Mortality from Breast Cancer in Non-Institutionalized American Women
- 2016
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflammation may play a role in breast cancer, but evidence in the general population is lacking. We investigated the association between serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), absolute granulocyte count (AGC) and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte (G/L) ratio) and breast cancer (BCa) mortality in American women while accounting for adiposity. From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) we selected all women aged 20+ without any known history of cancer (n = 7,780). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess CRP, AGC and G/L ratio in relation to mortality from BCa, all cancer, cardiovascular disease and all causes. Stratification analyses by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were performed to investigate the effect of adiposity on this association. During a mean follow-up of 167 months, 44 women died from BCa. After adjustments for BMI and waist circumference, only G/L ratio was associated to risk of BCa death (e.g. HR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.36-4.06 for the 3rd compared to the 1st tertile, P-trend = 0.01). Except for a borderline interaction between CRP categories and obesity by BMI, no statistically significant interaction between markers and categories of BMI or waist circumference was observed. All three markers were associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. Our findings support a role of inflammation in BCa mortality which may involve mechanisms apart from obesity, and potential usefulness of GLR as a marker in assessing inflammation and cancer.
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| 100. |
- Wulaningsih, Wahyu, et al.
(author)
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Inorganic phosphate and the risk of cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study
- 2013
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In: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407 .- 1471-2407. ; 13, s. UNSP 257-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Both dietary and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been linked to development of cancer in experimental studies. This is the first population-based study investigating the relation between serum Pi and risk of cancer in humans. Methods: From the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) study, we selected all participants (>20 years old) with baseline measurements of serum Pi, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, and creatinine (n = 397,292). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess serum Pi in relation to overall cancer risk. Similar analyses were performed for specific cancer sites. Results: We found a higher overall cancer risk with increasing Pi levels in men (HR: 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00-1.04) for every SD increase in Pi), and a negative association in women (HR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99) for every SD increase in Pi). Further analyses for specific cancer sites showed a positive link between Pi quartiles and the risk of cancer of the pancreas, lung, thyroid gland and bone in men, and cancer of the oesophagus, lung, and nonmelanoma skin cancer in women. Conversely, the risks for developing breast and endometrial cancer as well as other endocrine cancer in both men and women were lower in those with higher Pi levels. Conclusions: Abnormal Pi levels are related to development of cancer. Furthermore, the inverse association between Pi levels and risk of breast, endometrial and other endocrine cancers may indicate the role of hormonal factors in the relation between Pi metabolism and cancer.
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