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- Håkansson Eklund, Jakob
(author)
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Exploring the phenomenon of empathy
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Although empathy is the phenomenon that connects otherwise isolated individuals, knowledge concerning the nature of this phenomenon is still scarce. This thesis presents three studies on empathy based on qualitative and quantitative data. In Study 1, narrative accounts of empathy situations were collected to identify constituents that exist in both empathizers’ and targets’ experiences of empathy. From both perspectives, the constituents of empathy included the empathizer understanding the target, the target experiencing one or more emotions, the empathizer perceiving a similarity between what the target is experiencing and something the empathizer has experienced earlier, and the empathizer being concerned for the target’s well-being. Similarity of experience occurs at different levels of abstraction. Study 2 consisted of three experiments exploring the role of a person’s actions in how empathetic the person is perceived as being. In the experiments participants read different versions of an empathy story. The results suggested that action is crucial in the experience of empathy from both empathizer’s and target’s perspectives, as well as from the perspective of an unspecified observer. Study 3 explored in two experiments how empathy is related to viewing another individual as a subject/object. The results revealed that subject view and perceived difficulty of the person’s situation together explain a considerable part of differences in empathy. The empirical findings are discussed in a broader context of altruism, morality, similarity of experience, and foreign experience.
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- Silvestrov, D:S.
(author)
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Limit Theorems for Randomly Stopped Stochastic Processes
- 2004
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The book is devoted to studies of weak limit theorems for randomly stopped stochastic processes and functional limit theorems for compositions of stochastic processes. A survey of basic results related to weak convergence of random variables and stochastic processes, including basic facts concerning the convergence of càdlàg processes in topologies J and U is given. General conditions of weak convergence for randomly stopped stochastic processes and compositions of càdlàg processes are presented. Functional limit theorems about convergence of compositions of càdlàg processes in topologies U and J are given. Applications to random sums, extremes with random sample size, generalised exceeding processes, sum-processes with renewal stopping, accumulation processes, max-processes with renewal stopping, and shock processes are presented. The book also contains an extended bibliography of works in the area.
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