| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of Declining School Belonging 2000–2018 : The Case of Sweden
- 2021
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In: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 157:2, s. 783-802
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Students' sense of belonging at school has declined across the world in recent decades, and more so in Sweden than in almost any other high-income country. However, we do not know the characteristics or causes of these worldwide trends. Using data on Swedish students aged 15–16 years from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) between 2000 and 2018, we show that the decline in school belonging in Sweden was driven by a disproportionately large decline at the bottom part of the distribution, and was greatest for foreign-born students, students from disadvantaged social backgrounds, and for low-achieving students. The decline cannot be accounted for by changes in student demographics or observable characteristics related to the school environment. The decline did, however, coincide with a major education reform, characterized by an increased use of summative evaluation, and an overall stronger performance-orientation.
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| 36. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosing colorectal cancer in primary care : cohort study in Sweden of qualitative faecal immunochemical tests, haemoglobin levels, and platelet counts
- 2020
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In: British Journal of General Practice. - London : Royal College of General Practitioners. - 0960-1643 .- 1478-5242. ; 70:701, s. E843-E851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnostics are challenging in primary care and reliable diagnostic aids are desired. Qualitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been used for suspected CRC in Sweden since the mid-2000s, but evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce. Anaemia and thrombocytosis are both associated with CRC. Aim To evaluate the usefulness of qualitative FITs requested for symptomatic patients in primary care, atone and combined with findings of anaemia and thrombocytosis, in the diagnosis of CRC. Design and setting A population-based cohort study using electronic health records and data from the Swedish Cancer Register, covering five Swedish regions. Method Patients aged >= 18 years in the five regions who had provided FITs requested by primary care practitioners from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 were identified. FIT and blood-count data were registered and all CRC diagnoses made within 2 years were retrieved. Diagnostic measurements were calculated. Results In total, 15 789 patients provided FITs (four different brands); of these patients, 304 were later diagnosed with CRC. Haemoglobin levels were available for 13 863 patients, and platelet counts for 10 973 patients. Calculated for the different FIT brands only, the sensitivities for CRC were 81.6%-100%; specificities 65.7%-79.5%: positive predictive values 4.7%-8.1%; and negative predictive values 99.5%-100%. Calculated for the finding of either a positive FIT or anaemia, the sensitivities increased to 88.9-100%. Adding thrombocytosis did not further increase the diagnostic performance. Conclusion Qualitative FITs requested in primary care seem to be useful as rule in tests for referral when CRC is suspected. A negative FIT and no anaemia indicate a low risk of CRC.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Faecal immunochemical tests for the diagnosis of symptomatic colorectal cancer in primary care : the benefit of more than one sample
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 35:4, s. 369-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are used to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC) and as diagnostic aids in symptomatic patients. However, the number of samples per FIT varies. It is unclear if there is any advantage to analyse multiple-sample FITs in symptomatic patients.Design and setting: This is a post hoc analysis of a retrospective study that included all cases of CRC and adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) between 2005 and 2009 in the county of Jamtland, Sweden.Subjects: All patients with CRC and adenomas with HGD that initially presented with symptoms to primary care and delivered FITs.Main outcome measure: The likelihood of a positive FIT in cases of CRC and adenomas with HGD; when analysing one, two or three samples.Results: Of 195 patients, 160 delivered three-sample FITs. Using the 139 cases in which at least one sample was positive, the likelihood of detecting a positive sample upon analysis of only one of the three samples was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.95), indicating that 13 positive cases may have been missed.Conclusion: Use of a one-sample FIT instead of a three-sample FIT as a diagnostic aid may result in the missing of one tenth of symptomatic CRCs and adenomas with HGD.
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| 39. |
- Högberg, Carl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Local Anesthetic Lidocaine on Electrostatic Properties of a Lipid Bilayer
- 2008
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In: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 94, s. 525-531
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of local anesthetic lidocaine on electrostatic properties of a lipid membrane bilayer was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The electrostatic dipole potential, charge densities, and orientations of the headgroup angle have been examined in presence of different amounts of charged or uncharged forms of lidocaine. Important differences of the membrane properties caused by the presence of the both forms of lidocaine are presented and discussed. Our simulations have shown that both charged and uncharged lidocaine cause almost the same increase of the dipole electrostatic potential in the middle of membrane though for different reasons. The increase, being about 90 mV for 9 mol % of lidocaine and 220 mV for 28 mol% of lidocaine, is of the size which may affect the functioning of voltage-gated ion channels.
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| 40. |
- Högberg, Carl-Johan, et al.
(author)
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Modification of the CHARMM force field for DMPC lipid bilayer
- 2008
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In: Journal of Computational Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0192-8651 .- 1096-987X. ; 29:14, s. 2359-2369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The CHARMM force field for DMPC lipids was modified in order to improve agreement with experiment for a number of important properties of hydrated lipid bilayer. The modification consists in introduction of a scaling factor 0.83 for 1-4 electrostatic interactions (between atoms separated by three covalent bonds), which provides correct transgauche ratio in the alkane tails, and recalculation of the headgroup charges on the basis of HF/6-311(d,p) ab-initio computations. Both rigid TIP3P and flexible SPC water models were used with the new lipid model, showing similar results. The new model in a 75 ns simulation has shown a correct value of the area per lipid at zero surface tension, as well as good agreement with the experiment for the electron density, structure factor, and order parameters, including those in the headgroup part of lipids.
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