| 81. |
- Huttunen, Henri J., et al.
(author)
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Intraputamenal Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Phase 1 Trial
- 2023
-
In: Movement Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 38:7, s. 1209-1222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotrophic factor that protects dopamine neurons and improves motor function in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the safety and tolerability of both CDNF and the drug delivery system (DDS) in patients with PD of moderate severity. Methods: We assessed the safety and tolerability of monthly intraputamenal CDNF infusions in patients with PD using an investigational DDS, a bone-anchored transcutaneous port connected to four catheters. This phase 1 trial was divided into a placebo-controlled, double-blind, 6-month main study followed by an active-treatment 6-month extension. Eligible patients, aged 35 to 75 years, had moderate idiopathic PD for 5 to 15 years and Hoehn and Yahr score ≤ 3 (off state). Seventeen patients were randomized to placebo (n = 6), 0.4 mg CDNF (n = 6), or 1.2 mg CDNF (n = 5). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability of CDNF and DDS and catheter implantation accuracy. Secondary endpoints were measures of PD symptoms, including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and DDS patency and port stability. Exploratory endpoints included motor symptom assessment (PKG, Global Kinetics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) and positron emission tomography using dopamine transporter radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I. Results: Drug-related adverse events were mild to moderate with no difference between placebo and treatment groups. No severe adverse events were associated with the drug, and device delivery accuracy met specification. The severe adverse events recorded were associated with the infusion procedure and did not reoccur after procedural modification. There were no significant changes between placebo and CDNF treatment groups in secondary endpoints between baseline and the end of the main and extension studies. Conclusions: Intraputamenally administered CDNF was safe and well tolerated, and possible signs of biological response to the drug were observed in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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| 82. |
- Jensen, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Changes in hemostasis during pediatric heart surgery: impact of a biocompatible heparin-coated perfusion system.
- 2004
-
In: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975. ; 77:3, s. 962-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study describes the response in hemostasis during open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children (<== 10 kg) and tests the hypothesis that the use of a biocompatible perfusion system, in comparison with a conventional system, causes less hemostatic activation. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study. Forty consecutive children <== 10 kg were included and divided into two groups: group bioc. (n = 19) treated with a fully heparin-coated system, centrifugal pump, and a closed circuit, and group conv. (n = 21) treated with an uncoated system, roller pump, and a hard shell venous reservoir. Concentrations of plasma thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA ag), and the complex consisting of tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (t-PA-PAI-1) were measured. RESULTS: The biochemical variables measured increased significantly in both groups during the study period. There was less activation of fibrinolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (t-PA ag: p = 0.009) in patients treated with the biocompatible perfusion system than in patients treated with the conventional system. A trend in favor of the biocompatible system based on the D-dimer and TAT data (p = 0.07 for both measurements) was observed but no significant intergroup differences regarding these variables or t-PA-PAI-1 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children (<== 10 kg) causes transient activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. This study demonstrates that the use of a biocompatible perfusion system results in a lower extent of activation of fibrinolysis during CPB than the use of a conventional system.
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| 83. |
- Jensen, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Influence of two different perfusion systems on inflammatory response in pediatric heart surgery.
- 2003
-
In: The Annals of thoracic surgery. - 0003-4975. ; 75:3, s. 919-25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study tests the hypothesis that a cardiopulmonary bypass system that combines complete heparin-coating, a centrifugal pump, and a closed circuit in comparison with a conventional system (uncoated system, roller pump, and hard shell venous reservoir) attenuates the inflammatory response in pediatric heart surgery. METHODS: In a prospective randomized controlled clinical study 40 consecutive children weighing 10 kg or less were included and divided into two groups. Concentrations of complement proteins (C3a, sC5b-9, C4d, and Bb), granulocyte degranulation products (polymorphonuclear [PMN] elastase), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) were measured. RESULTS: C3a and sC5b-9 concentrations were lower (C3a, p < 0.001; sC5b-9, p = 0.01) in the combined (heparin-coated/centrifugal pump/closed reservoir) group, the peak values being 58% and 37% of conventional group values. The Bb- and C4d-fragment values indicated activation of the complement system through the alternative pathway in both groups. PMN elastase concentrations were lower (p = 0.02) in the combined group, the peak values being 43% of conventional group values. There were no significant intergroup differences regarding TNF-alpha, IL-6, or IL-8 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a fully heparin-coated system, a centrifugal pump, and a closed circuit during CPB in children (10 kg or less) leads to a lower degree of complement activation and PMN elastase release compared with a conventional system.
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| 84. |
- Larsson, Håkan, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Sport and Masculinities in Sweden : Performance and the Notion of Gender Equality
- 2020
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In: The Palgrave Handbook of Masculinity and Sport. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030197995 - 9783030197988 ; , s. 465-481
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the chapter is to describe and analyse how the ‘doing’ of masculinity has been performed in Sweden over time, and within two cultural contexts—that of organized (mainly competitive) sport, and physical education in school. Situated within the development of the Swedish welfare state, the research shows that the concept and idea of gender equality is largely a hegemonic sociocultural ideal. At the political and sociocultural level, there is an ongoing movement towards gender-neutral ways of constructing and understanding bodies as well as sport and physical education in Sweden. At the same time the research shows that on an interrelational level, this picture is less clear, as physical education teachers, athletes, coaches and others seemingly tend to talk about gender equality as an ideal, but sometimes fail to practise this in day-to-day living. Nevertheless, embedded in and part of social life at large, the chapter argues that relational patterns are, and will hopefully continue to be, greatly influenced by and part of the Swedish welfare system, which by necessity influences men’s choices in contemporary Sweden concerning how to ‘do’ masculinity and physical activity in relation to more gender inclusive configurations.
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| 85. |
- Morén, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Angiography and mfERG show that blood supply to the pig retina may be both ipsilateral and contralateral.
- 2013
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1552-5783. ; 54:9, s. 6112-6117
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: We recently presented a transfemoral endovascular coiling technique for inducing experimental retinal ischemia in pigs. Substantial variation was seen in the degree of ischemia. It was hypothesized that the blood supply to the retina may originate from both the ipsi- and contralateral ophthalmic arteries, and that there may be an interconnecting artery between the eyes. Methods: The external carotid system of ten pigs was catheterized using a fluoroscopy- monitored, transfemoral, endovascular approach. Vascular occlusion was achieved in the ophthalmic artery using coils. The effect of occlusion was examined using angiography and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Results: During angiography of the ophthalmic artery on one side, contrast filling was seen in the retinas on both sides, suggesting that the ophthalmic artery on one side may supply both retinas. A blood vessel connecting the eyes was visualized. mfERG recordings showed that the use of coiling to occlude the ophthalmic artery had greater ischemic effects in eyes that depended mainly on the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery for blood supply and smaller ischemic effect in retinas that received blood from both the ipsilateral and contralateral ophthalmic artery via the interconnecting vessel. Conclusions: The blood supply to the retina may originate from both the ipsi- and contralateral ophthalmic artery in the pig. There is an interindividual variability in the ischemic effect of occlusion depending on the architecture of the vasculature. These findings may be important in the development of new animal models of experimental retinal ischemia, since arterial occlusion in one eye may affect the blood supply to the contralateral eye.
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| 86. |
- Morén, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Endovascular Coiling of the Ophthalmic Artery in Pigs to Induce Retinal Ischemia
- 2011
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In: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1552-5783. ; 52:7, s. 4880-4885
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE. The authors recently showed that the retinal circulation can be accessed by transfemoral endovascular catheterization. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endovascular coiling can be used to induce different degrees of ischemic injury. The possibility of creating occlusions at different sites in the vasculature to cause retinal ischemia with different degrees of severity was investigated. METHODS. The ophthalmic artery was catheterized through the external carotid system using a fluoroscopy-monitored, transfemoral, endovascular approach in 12 pigs (mean weight, 70 kg). The effects were evaluated using angiography and multifocal electroretinography. RESULTS. Occlusion of arteries supplying the retina was established using endovascular coiling. Coiling in the proximal part of the ophthalmic artery caused no or little ischemia, presumably because of collateral blood supply. Coiling in the distal part of the ophthalmic artery, over the branching of the main ciliary artery, caused more severe retinal ischemia. Multifocal electroretinography recordings, which reflect retinal function in an area close to the visual streak, showed decreased amplitudes and increased implicit times after distal occlusion, but not after proximal occlusion of the ophthalmic artery. The responses were similar 1 hour and 72 hours after coiling, indicating that a permanent ischemic injury was established. CONCLUSIONS. The porcine ophthalmic artery can be occluded using an endovascular coiling technique. This provides an experimental animal model of retinal ischemia in which occlusion at different sites of the vasculature produces different degrees of severity of the ischemic damage. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4880-4885) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-7628
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| 87. |
- Morén, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Multifocal electroretinogram for functional evaluation of retinal injury following ischemia-reperfusion in pigs.
- 2010
-
In: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-702X .- 0721-832X. ; 248, s. 627-634
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) has the power to discriminate between localized functional losses and overall retinal changes when evaluating retinal injury. So far, full-field ERG has been the gold standard for examining retinal ischemia and the effects of different neuroprotectants in experimental conditions. The aim of the present study was to establish mfERG, with simultaneous fundus monitoring, for analyzing the localized functional response in the retina after ischemia-reperfusion in the porcine eye. METHODS: 70 kg pigs underwent pressure-induced retinal ischemia (1 hour) followed by reperfusion. mfERG recordings were obtained before and after ischemia, followed by 1 and 5 hours of reperfusion. Individual components of the summed mfERG responses were correlated to ischemia and the time of reperfusion. RESULTS: The visual streak area had significantly higher amplitudes than the optic nerve head and the area in between, suggesting that the mfERG monitors localized functional retinal responses. The mfERG recordings were altered following ischemia-reperfusion. In one group of animals, there was a complete flattening of the mfERG waveforms, indicating complete ischemic injury. In the other group of animals, ischemia-reperfusion altered the mfERG such that the implicit time was increased (20.82 +/- 0.18 before ischemia and 21.57 +/- 0.21 after ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion, in the visual streak area, p < 0.05) and the amplitude was decreased (13.16 +/- 2.3 before ischemia and 11.47 +/- 0.88 after ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion, in the visual streak area, p < 0.001), suggesting partial ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the porcine model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion results in mfERG changes, typical for retinal ischemia. mfERG may be a useful tool for evaluating and monitoring localized cone dysfunction after an ischemic injury.
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| 88. |
- Morén, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
The porcine retinal vasculature can be accessed using an endovascular approach, a new experimental model for retinal ischemia.
- 2009
-
In: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 1552-5783. ; 50:11, s. 5504-5510
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose. The aim was to examine if the retinal circulation in the pig can be accessed using interventional neuroradiology and to explore the possibility to create occlusions that result in experimental retinal ischemia. Methods. Six experiments were performed using 100 kg pigs. The external carotid system was catheterizised using fluoroscopy monitored, transfemoral, endovascular approach. Transient and permanent vascular occlusions were performed using an angioplasty balloon catheter or a liquid embolic agent that was administered via an injection-catheter. Results. A technique for transfemoral catheterization of arteries supplying the retina was established. The ophthalmic artery was demonstrated to give rise to the main ciliary artery, from which the retinal artery branched as a single or several arteries. A balloon-catheter could be introduced into the ophthalmic artery, but not into the main ciliary artery. An injection-catheter could, in all experiments, be introduced into the main ciliary artery and, in some experiments, into the retinal artery. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, over the branching of the main ciliary artery, caused incomplete ischemia, presumably due to collaterals feeding the distal parts of the vasculature. mfERG recordings showed decreased amplitudes and increased implicit times, indicating retinal ischemia. Occlusion of the ciliary and retinal arteries caused complete ischemia, as shown by complete flattening of the mfERG recordings and, by indirect ophthalmoscopy, blanching of the retinal arteries and a pale retina Conclusions. We prove for the first time that the ophthalmic and retinal artery can be catheterizised using a transfemoral endovascular approach. This technique may be useful to produce clear-cut experimental retinal ischemia.
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| 89. |
- Nejström, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
On Structural and Molecular Order in Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Films
- 2023
-
In: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 15:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) is a possible candidate, being a raw material derived from renewable resources, to replace fossil-based materials. This is due to its thermoplastic properties and the relative ease with which it could be implemented within the existing industry. With a significant amount of variation in CAB on the market today, a knowledge gap has been identified regarding the understanding of the polymer structural arrangement in films. This relates to the underlying mechanisms that regulate CAB film material properties, insights that are important in product development. In this study, commercially available CAB was investigated with XRD, SEM, AFM, and TOPEM DSC in order to obtain physicochemical information related to its micro-structural features in solvent-cast films. The film-forming ability relates mostly to the number of hydroxyl groups, and the semi-crystallinity of the films depends on the type and position of the side groups along the cellulose backbone. The appearance of signs of possible cholesteric ordering in the films could be connected to higher amounts of hydroxyl groups along the backbone that disturb the helix arrangement, while the overall order was primarily related to the butyrate substitution and secondarily related to the molecular weight of the particular CAB studied. Cold crystallization was also observed in one CAB sample.
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| 90. |
- Nejström, Malin
(author)
-
Structural impact on some physical properties of cellulose-based films
- 2023
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cellulose is a natural material that can be used both in its original form and as a building block for creating new types of materials. This work focused on regenerated cellulose (RC) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) in which the hydroxyls on the cellulose backbone were substituted with ester groups. In this work both RC and CAB were formed as free-standing films via initial dissolution and characterized with respect to their structural and morphological aspects, as well as some other material properties. Cellulose pulp was dissolved in cold aqueous alkali urea solution and regenerated in either alcohols or esters to form RC films. Variations of commercially available CAB were dissolved in acetone and solvent cast to form CAB films.This work strove to understand the structural relations of cellulose-based films, the fundamental principles of these materials and how they affect the material properties. This work examined the effect of the polarity of the regeneration liquid on the crystallinity and on other material properties of dried RC films (Papers I and III). This work also investigated the variation in degree of substitution of butyrate and the variation in molecular weight of commercially available CAB and how those could affect the microstructural order of a solvent cast film to the degree that a measurable change in material properties could be observed (Paper II). This was done via structural analysisusing solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TOPEM DSC), on RC and CAB films. The qualitative concept of “film formability” was used in this work to determine the practical film properties (related to the ease of handling a film) based on subjective observations.Both the RC films and the CAB films were transparent, with some variations. The CAB films were more fragile than the RC films, even when theCAB films were almost triple the RC films’ thickness. The RC films could be bent considerably, even sharply folded, whereas the CAB films were only slightly bendable before they snapped.The crystallinity of the RC films varied with the regeneration liquid used,and an increase in crystallinity was observed in the following order: EtOH
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