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Sökning: WFRF:(Hofmann S)

  • Resultat 481-490 av 515
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481.
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482.
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483.
  • Norström, Albert V., 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • The programme on ecosystem change and society (PECS) - a decade of deepening social-ecological research through a place-based focus
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 18:1, s. 598-608
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) was established in 2011, and is now one of the major international social-ecological systems (SES) research networks. During this time, SES research has undergone a phase of rapid growth and has grown into an influential branch of sustainability science. In this Perspective, we argue that SES research has also deepened over the past decade, and helped to shed light on key dimensions of SES dynamics (e.g. system feedbacks, aspects of system design, goals and paradigms) that can lead to tangible action for solving the major sustainability challenges of our time. We suggest four ways in which the growth of place-based SES research, fostered by networks such as PECS, has contributed to these developments, namely by: 1) shedding light on transformational change, 2) revealing the social dynamics shaping SES, 3) bringing together diverse types of knowledge, and 4) encouraging reflexive researchers.
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484.
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485.
  • Pinones, A., et al. (författare)
  • Hydrographic variability along the inner and mid-shelf region of the western Ross Sea obtained using instrumented seals
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 174, s. 131-142
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Temperature and salinity measurements obtained from sensors deployed on Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) between late austral summer and the following spring for 2010-2012 were used to describe the temporal and spatial variability of hydrographic conditions in the western Ross Sea, with particular emphasis on the inner-shelf region off Victoria Land and McMurdo Sound. Potential temperature-salinity diagrams constructed for regions where the seals remained for extended periods showed four water masses on the continental shelf: Modified Circumpolar Deep Water, Antarctic Surface Water, Shelf Water and Modified Shelf Water. Depth-time distributions of potential density and buoyancy frequency showed the erosion of the upper water column stratification associated with the transition from summer to fall/winter conditions. The within-year and interannual variability associated with this transition was related to wind speed. Changes in upper water column density were positively correlated with cross-shelf wind speeds > 5.5 m s(-1) with a 3-4 day lag. A range of wind speeds was required to erode the density structure because of different levels of stratification in each year. A comparison of wind mixing potential versus stratification (Wedderburn number) showed that synoptic scale wind events during 2012 with speeds of 5.5 and 6.5 m s(-1) were needed to erode the summer stratification for Ross Island and Victoria Land regions, respectively. Stronger winds ( > 8.5 m s(-1) ) were required during 2010 and 2011. The interannual variability in total heat content accumulated during summer (about 20%) was related to the duration of open water, with the largest heat content occurring in 2012, which was characterized by a summer sea ice minimum stronger than other years and relatively higher mCDW influence over the mid and outer-shelf regions. The heat content was lost after mid-April and reached a minimum in winter as a result of deep winter convection. The quantitative analysis of hydrographic variability of the inner-shelf region of the western Ross Sea obtained from the seal-derived measurements provides a baseline for assessing future changes.
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486.
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487.
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488.
  • Powles, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines : Recommendations for the Treatment of First-line Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cancer
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 73:3, s. 311-315
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The randomised phase III clinical trial Checkmate-214 showed a survival superiority for the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab when compared with the previous standard of care in first-line metastatic/advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (Escudier B, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, et al. CheckMate 214: efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs sunitinib for treatment-naive advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma, including IMDC risk and PD-L1 expression subgroups. LBA5, ESMO 2017, 2017). These results change the frontline standard of care for this disease and have implications for the selection of subsequent therapies. For this reason the European Association of Urology RCC guidelines have been updated. Patient summary: The European Association of Urology guidelines will be updated based on the results of the phase III Checkmate-214 clinical trial. The trial showed superior survival for a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab (IN), compared with the previous standard of care, in intermediate-and poor-risk patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. When IN is not safe or feasible, alternative agents such as sunitinib, pazopanib, and cabozantinib should be considered. Furthermore, at present, the data from the trial are immature in favourable-risk patients. Therefore, sunitinib or pazopanib remains the favoured agent for this subgroup of patients.
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489.
  • Praetorius, A., et al. (författare)
  • Strategies for determining heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic environments
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science-Nano. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2051-8153 .- 2051-8161. ; 7:2, s. 351-367
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heteroaggregation of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) with suspended particulate matter (SPM) ubiquitous in natural waters often dominates the transport behaviour and overall fate of ENPs in aquatic environments. In order to provide meaningful exposure predictions and support risk assessment for ENPs, environmental fate and transport models require quantitative information about this process, typically in the form of the so-called attachment efficiency for heteroaggregation alpha(hetero). The inherent complexity of heteroaggregation-encompassing at least two different particle populations, various aggregation pathways and several possible attachment efficiencies (alpha values)-makes its theoretical and experimental determination challenging. In this frontier review we assess the current state of knowledge on heteroaggregation of ENPs with a focus on natural surface waters. A theoretical analysis presents relevant equations, outlines the possible aggregation pathways and highlights different types of alpha. In a second part, experimental approaches to study heteroaggregation and derive alpha values are reviewed and three possible strategies are identified: i) monitoring changes in size, ii) monitoring number or mass distribution and iii) studying indirect effects, such as sedimentation. It becomes apparent that the complexity of heteroaggregation creates various challenges and no single best method for its assessment has been developed yet. Nevertheless, many promising strategies have been identified and meaningful data can be derived from carefully designed experiments when accounting for the different concurrent aggregation pathways and clearly stating the type of alpha reported. For future method development a closer connection between experiments and models is encouraged.
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490.
  • Rennert, C, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive Subsets Limit the Anti-Tumoral NK-Cell Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health burden with increasing incidence, poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit potent anti-tumoral activity and therefore represent potential targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC treatment. However, the anti-tumoral activity of NK cells in HCC associated with different etiologies, and the impact of the heterogeneous NK cell subset, e.g., adaptive and conventional subsets, are not understood in detail. By comparatively analyzing the NK-cell repertoire in 60 HCC patients, 33 liver cirrhosis patients and 36 healthy donors (HD), we show in this study that the NK-cell repertoire is linked to HCC etiology, with increased frequencies of adaptive NK cells in Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. Adaptive NK cells exhibited limited anti-tumoral activity toward liver cancer cells; however, this was not a result of a specific NK-cell impairment in HCC but rather represented an intrinsic feature, since the characteristics of circulating and intra-tumoral adaptive NK cells were conserved between HD, HCC and liver cirrhosis patients. Hence, the expansion of adaptive NK cells with reduced anti-tumoral activity, detectable in HBV-associated HCC, may have implications for tumor surveillance and therapy.
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