| 1211. |
- Roll, Guntrade, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Gate Voltage Stress on InGaAs MOSFET with HfO2 or Al2O3 Dielectric
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability. - 1530-4388. ; 16:2, s. 112-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InGaAs nMOSFETs with Al2O3 and HfO2 as dielectric are analyzed. The devices with Al 2O3 show a slightly better subthreshold slope. Both high-κ's have an equal transconductance frequency dispersion (gm-f). A reduction of gm-f is reached by scaling the HfO2 thickness. Positive gate stress leads to an increase in threshold voltage and subthreshold slope for all oxides. DC-gmax degradation is related purely to creation or activation of additional border traps during stress. The RF-gmax is not degraded. Similar time constants hint to a relation between the (semi-)stable degradation of DC-gmax and the threshold voltage increase. For the samples with HfO2, the effects of gate-stress induced additional border traps can only be detected at low frequencies. The created or activated defects are most likely located deep in the oxide. For Al2O3, the effect of additional border traps is also measurable at higher frequencies. The defects are created both closer to the Al2O3/InGaAs interface and deeper in the oxide.
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| 1212. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in multiple lifestyle factors in subjects with the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 15:3, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many lifestyle factors have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, most of these studies have not considered the potential impact of obesity and have often only investigated one lifestyle factor at the time. We aimed to investigate the interplay between body mass index (BMI) and MetS with respect to multiple lifestyle factors.METHODS: BMI and MetS [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria] were assessed in a sample of 18,880 subjects aged 45-75 years from the population-based EpiHealth study. Participants were categorized into six groups according to BMI category (normal weight/BMI <25 kg/m(2), overweight/BMI 25-30 kg/m(2), and obesity/BMI >30 kg/m(2)) and MetS status (+/-, NCEP criteria). A wide range of lifestyle factors related to physical activity, smoking, alcohol, sleep quality, working conditions, quality of life and stress, and eating patterns were assessed using a questionnaire.RESULTS: Prevalent MetS (23% in the sample) was associated with less physical activity (P < 0.0001), more TV watching (P < 0.0001), more years of smoking (P < 0.0001), lower education level (P = 0.007), and experiencing a poor general quality of life (P < 0.0001). These lifestyle factors were all associated with MetS, independently of each other and independently of BMI. Similar results were generated when number of MetS components and presence/absence of individual MetS components were used as outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study identified alterations in a number of lifestyle factors associated with MetS independently of each other and independently of BMI. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess causal and temporal relationships between lifestyle factors and MetS development.
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| 1213. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Syndrome Development during Aging with Special Reference to Obesity Without the Metabolic Syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 15:1, s. 36-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity and its associated metabolic complications continue to increase worldwide. We investigated the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during aging in relation to body mass index (BMI) and exercise habits. We assigned special emphasis to the metabolic stability in individuals with obesity, but without MetS, a condition often referred to as metabolically healthy obesity. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in a sample of 19,129 men and women aged 45-75 years from the EpiHealth study. In addition, longitudinal analyses were carried out in the ULSAM study (2322 men at baseline followed from age 50 to age 77) and in the PIVUS study (1016 men and women at baseline followed from age 70 to age 80). Participants were categorized into six groups according to BMI category (normal weight/BMI <25 kg/m2, overweight/BMI 25-30 kg/m2, and obesity/BMI >30 kg/m2) and MetS status (+/-, National Cholesterol Education Program criteria). Results: MetS prevalence and number of MetS components increased with age in all three samples. The PIVUS study showed that high baseline BMI, low baseline physical activity, and increasing BMI during follow-up were related to increasing MetS prevalence and increasing numbers of MetS components during follow-up. One-third to half of individuals initially belonging to the obesity without MetS category acquired MetS during aging. Conclusions: MetS prevalence increased during aging, especially in individuals with high BMI, low level of physical activity, and weight gain. Obesity without MetS was not a stable condition over time as many of those individuals gained metabolic disturbances during aging.
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| 1214. |
- Rosdahl, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on blood flow and interstitial glucose concentration in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue studied by microdialysis
- 1998
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 47:8, s. 1296-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp (94 +/- 5 microU/ml) on blood flow and glucose extraction fraction in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was investigated. Limb blood flow was measured by venous occlusion pletysmography and tissue blood flow by the microdialysis ethanol technique. Insulin infusion resulted in an increased blood flow in the calf and forearm (64 and 36%, respectively; P < 0.01) but not in the studied muscles of these limbs (ethanol outflow-to-inflow ratio: m. gastrocnemius 0.144 +/- 0.009 to 0.140 +/- 0.011, NS; m. brachioradialis 0.159 +/- 0.025 to 0.168 +/- 0.027, NS). This was accompanied by an increased extraction fraction of glucose, as measured by an increased arteriovenous difference over the forearm (0.16 +/- 0.04 to 0.70 +/- 0.10 mmol/l; P < 0.001) and by an increase in the estimated arterial-interstitial glucose difference in the gastrocnemius (0.82-1.42 mmol/l) and brachioradialis muscle (0.82-1.97 mmol/l). The blood flow in adipose tissue was significantly increased during insulin infusion, as evidenced by a decreased ethanol outflow-to-inflow ratio (0.369 +/- 0.048 to 0.325 +/- 0.046; P < 0.01). This was accompanied by an unchanged concentration of glucose in the dialysate (-2.6%, NS). In summary, during physiological hyperinsulinemia 1) a blood flow increase was detected in the calf and forearm, but not in the studied muscles of these limbs; 2) the blood flow increased in the subcutaneous adipose tissue; and 3) the estimated arterial-interstitial glucose difference increased in both muscles studied and was larger in the forearm muscle than the arteriovenous glucose difference over the forearm. The present study shows that microdialysis is a useful tool to obtain tissue-specific information about the effect of insulin on blood flow and glucose extraction in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
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| 1215. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 1216. |
- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating fatty acids from high-throughput metabolomics platforms as potential biomarkers of dietary fatty acids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 41:12, s. 2637-2643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Some fatty acids, i.e. n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from metabolomics platforms based on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) or liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) are suggested to reflect dietary exposure. NMR and LC-MS are both relatively fast and cheap, however few studies have investigated their validity. Linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), measured using gas chromatography (GC), are established biomarkers of dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA intake, respectively.Objective To examine if circulating fatty acids derived from two commonly applied metabolomics platforms (using NMR and LC-MS) provide similar information compared to GC in two pooled population-based cohorts, one patient cohort, and in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).Methods Spearman rank correlations were conducted between LA and DHA in cholesteryl esters (CE) from GC and whole serum/plasma LA and DHA from the metabolomics platforms in a pooled population-based cohort of men and women (n ˜ 1100) (primary analysis). Secondary correlation analyses included fatty acid classes such as n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and total PUFA. Additionally, correlations were investigated for LA, DHA and the five fatty acid classes in phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerols (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in a RCT of n = 60 as well as in a population with biopsy-verified non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 59). Misclassification was examined using cross-tabulation and visualized using alluvial plots.Results Moderate to strong correlations (r = 0.51–0.81) were observed for LA and DHA in multiple lipid fractions in all cohorts using the NMR platform. For the pooled cohort, LA (r = 0.67, P < 0.0001) and DHA (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) assessed in CE were strongly correlated with LA and DHA derived using NMR. Nearly half (49%) were correctly classified into their respective quartiles. Using LC-MS, only DHA (r = 0.44, P < 0.0001) demonstrated moderate correlations with DHA from GC.Conclusions Unless fatty acid data from GC analysis is available or feasible, NMR-based technology might be a better option than a LC-MS-based platform, at least for certain PUFA. This should be taken into account in future studies aiming to use circulating fatty acids as dietary biomarkers for the investigation of diet-disease relationships.
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| 1217. |
- Rudholm Feldreich, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The association between plasma proteomics and incident cardiovascular disease identifies MMP-12 as a promising cardiovascular risk marker in patients with chronic kidney disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 307, s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous proteomics efforts in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have predominantly evaluated urinary protein levels. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between plasma levels of 80 cardiovascular disease-related proteins and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with CKD. Methods: Individuals with CKD stages 3-5 (eGFR below 60 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2) from three community-based cohorts (PIVUS, ULSAM, SAVA), one diabetes cohort (CARDIPP) and one cohort with peripheral artery disease patients (PADVA) with information on 80 plasma protein biomarkers, assessed with a proximity extension assay, and follow-up data on incident MACE, were used as discovery sample. To validate findings and to asses generalizability to patients with CKD in clinical practice, an outpatient CKD-cohort (Malnutrition, Inflammation and Vascular Calcification (MIVC)) was used as replication sample. Results: In the discovery sample (total n = 1316), 249 individuals experienced MACE during 7.0 +/- 2.9 years (range 0.005-12.9) of follow-up, and in the replication sample, 71 MACE events in 283 individuals over a mean +/- SD change of 2.9 +/- 1.2 years (range 0.1-4.0) were documented. Applying Bonferroni correction, 18 proteins were significantly associated with risk of MACE in the discovery cohort, adjusting for age and sex in order of significance, GDF-15, FGF-23, REN, FABP4, IL6, TNF-R1, AGRP, MMP-12, AM, KIM-1, TRAILR2, TNFR2, CTSL1, CSF1, PlGF, CA-125, CCL20 and PAR-1 (p < 0.000625 for all). Only matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE in the replication sample (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase, 1.36, 95% CI (1.07-1.75), p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our proteomics analyses identified plasma MMP-12 as a promising cardiovascular risk marker in patients with CKD.
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| 1218. |
- Rudholm Feldreich, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The association between serum cathepsin L and mortality in older adults
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 37, s. 1283-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Research suggests that the protease cathepsin L is causally involved in atherosclerosis. However, data on cathepsin L as a risk marker are lacking. Therefore, we investigated associations between circulating cathepsin L and cardiovascular mortality.METHODS: Two independent community-based cohorts were used: Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM); n = 776; mean age 77 years; baseline 1997-2001; 185 cardiovascular deaths during 9.7 years follow-up, and Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS); n = 993; 50% women; mean age 70 years; baseline 2001-2004; 42 cardiovascular deaths during 10.0 years follow-up.RESULTS: Higher serum cathepsin L was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality in age- and sex-adjusted models in both cohorts (ULSAM: hazard ratio (HR) for 1-standard deviation (SD) increase, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.01-1.34], p = 0.032 PIVUS: HR 1.35 [95% CI, 1.07-1.72], p = 0.013). When merging the cohorts, these associations were independent of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors, but non-significant adjusting for kidney function. Individuals with a combination of elevated cathepsin L and increased inflammation, kidney dysfunction, or prevalent cardiovascular disease had a markedly increased risk, while no increased risk was associated with elevated cathepsin L, in the absence of these disease states.CONCLUSIONS: An association between higher serum cathepsin L and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was found in two independent cohorts. Impaired kidney function appears to be an important moderator or mediator of these associations. Further studies are needed to delineate the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate whether the measurement of cathepsin L might have clinical utility.
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| 1219. |
- Ruge, Toralph, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating endostatin and the incidence of heart failure.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 52:5, s. 244-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Circulating levels of endostatin are elevated in many underlying conditions leading to heart failure such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease. Yet, the association between endostatin and the incidence of heart failure has not been reported previously in the community.Design: We investigated the longitudinal association between serum endostatin levels and incident heart failure in two community-based cohorts of elderly: Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, n = 966; mean age 70 years, 51% women, 81 events, mean follow-up 10 years) and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 747 men; mean age 78 years, 98 heart failure events, mean follow-up 8 years). We also investigated the cross-sectional association between endostatin and echocardiographic left ventricular systolic function and diastolic function (ejection fraction and E/A-ratio, respectively).Results: Higher serum endostatin was associated with an increased risk for heart failure in both cohorts after adjustment for established heart failure risk factors, glomerular filtration rate and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (PIVUS: multivariable hazard ratio (HR) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase, HR 1.46 (95%CI, 1.17-1.82, p < .001); ULSAM: HR 1.29 (95%CI, 1.00-1.68, p < .05). In cross-sectional analyses at baseline, higher endostatin was significantly associated with both worsened left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in both cohorts.Conclusion: Higher serum endostatin was associated with left ventricular dysfunction and an increased heart failure risk in two community-based cohorts of elderly. Our findings encourage further experimental studies that investigate the role of endostatin in the development of heart failure.
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| 1220. |
- Ruge, Toralph, et al.
(författare)
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Endostatin Level is Associated with Kidney Injury in the Elderly : Findings from Two Community-Based Cohorts
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-8095 .- 1421-9670. ; 40:5, s. 417-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to investigate the associations between circulating endostatin and the different aspects of renal dysfunction, namely, estimated (cystatin C) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Methods: Two independent longitudinal community-based cohorts of elderly. ULSAM, n = 786 men; age 78 years; median GFR 74 ml/min/1.73 m(2); median ACR 0.80 mg/mmol); and PIVUS, n = 815; age 75 years; 51% women; median GFR; 67 ml/min/1.73 m(2); median ACR 1.39 mg/mmol. Cross-sectional associations between the endostatin levels and GFR as well as ACR, and longitudinal association between endostatin at baseline and incident CKD (defined as GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were assessed. Results: In cross-sectional regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors, serum endostatin was negatively associated with GFR (ULSAM: B-coefficient per SD increase -0.51, 95% CI (-0.57, -0.45), p < 0.001; PIVUS -0.47, 95% CI (-0.54, -0.41), p < 0.001) and positively associated with ACR (ULSAM: B-coefficient per SD increase 0.24, 95% CI (0.15, 0.32), p < 0.001; PIVUS 0.13, 95% CI (0.06-0.20), p < 0.001) in both cohorts. Moreover, in longitudinal multivariable analyses, higher endostatin levels were associated with increased risk for incident CKD defined as GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) at re-investigations in both ULSAM (odds ratio per SD increase of endostatin 1.39 (95% CI 1.01-1.90) and PIVUS 1.68 (95% CI 1.36-2.07)). Conclusions: Higher circulating endostatin is associated with lower GFR and higher albuminuria and independently predicts incident CKD in elderly subjects. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking endostatin to kidney pathology, and to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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