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Sökning: WFRF:(Sonestedt Emily)

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141.
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142.
  • Nettleton, Jennifer A., et al. (författare)
  • Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake With Fasting Glucose- and Insulin-Related Genetic Loci in Individuals of European Descent A meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - 1935-5548. ; 33:12, s. 2684-2691
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE - Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising similar to 48 000 participants of European descent we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations For tests of interaction we considered a P value <0 0028 (0 05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant RESULTS - Greater whole grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (beta [95% Cl] per 1-serving greater whole grain intake -0 009 mmol/l glucose [-0 013 to -0 0051 P < 0 0001 and -0011 pmol/l [In] insulin [-0 015 to -0 0071 P = 0 0003) No interactions met our multiple testing adjusted statistical significance threshold The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0 006) where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin raising allele
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143.
  • Nettleton, Jennifer A., et al. (författare)
  • Meta-Analysis Investigating Associations Between Healthy Diet and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels and Modification by Loci Associated With Glucose Homeostasis in Data From 15 Cohorts
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 177:2, s. 103-115
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Whether loci that influence fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels, as identified by genome-wide association studies, modify associations of diet with FG or FI is unknown. We utilized data from 15 US and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and diet interact to influence FG or FI concentration. We constructed a diet score using study-specific quartile rankings for intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, and nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugared beverages, and fried potatoes (unfavorable). We used linear regression within studies, followed by inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis, to quantify 1) associations of diet score with FG and FI levels and 2) interactions of diet score with 16 FG-associated loci and 2 FI-associated loci. Diet score (per unit increase) was inversely associated with FG ( 0.004 mmol/L, 95 confidence interval: 0.005, 0.003) and FI ( 0.008 ln-pmol/L, 95 confidence interval: 0.009, 0.007) levels after adjustment for demographic factors, lifestyle, and body mass index. Genotype variation at the studied loci did not modify these associations. Healthier diets were associated with lower FG and FI concentrations regardless of genotype at previously replicated FG- and FI-associated loci. Studies focusing on genomic regions that do not yield highly statistically significant associations from main-effect genome-wide association studies may be more fruitful in identifying diet-gene interactions.
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144.
  • Nilholm, Clara, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet and Its Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Inflammatory Parameters among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dietary advice constitutes a treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to examine the effect of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients, in relation to dietary intake and systemic inflammatory parameters. IBS patients (n = 105) were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) receiving written and verbal dietary advice focused on starch and sucrose reduction and increased intake of protein, fat and dairy, or control group (n = 25; habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood was sampled, and participants filled out IBS-SSS, VAS-IBS, and Rome IV questionnaires and dietary registrations. C-reactive protein and cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were analyzed from plasma. At 4 weeks, the intervention group displayed lower total IBS-SSS, 'abdominal pain', 'bloating/flatulence' and 'intestinal symptoms´ influence on daily life' scores (p ≤ 0.001 for all) compared to controls, and a 74%, responder rate (RR = ΔTotal IBS-SSS ≥ -50; RRcontrols = 24%). Median values of sucrose (5.4 vs. 20 g), disaccharides (16 vs. 28 g), starch (22 vs. 82 g) and carbohydrates (88 vs. 182 g) were lower for the intervention group compared to controls (p ≤ 0.002 for all), and energy percentages (E%) of protein (21 vs. 17 E%, p = 0.006) and fat (47 vs. 38 E%, p = 0.002) were higher. Sugar-, starch- and carbohydrate-reductions correlated weakly-moderately with total IBS-SSS decrease for all participants. Inflammatory parameters were unaffected. IBS patients display high compliance to the SSRD, with improved gastrointestinal symptoms but unaltered inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, the SSRD constitutes a promising dietary treatment for IBS, but needs to be further researched and compared to established dietary treatments before it could be used in a clinical setting.
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145.
  • Noethlings, U., et al. (författare)
  • Food intake of individuals with and without diabetes across different countries and ethnic groups
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 65:5, s. 635-641
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Objectives: Given the importance of nutrition therapy in diabetes management, we hypothesized that food intake differs between individuals with and without diabetes. We investigated this hypothesis in two large prospective studies including different countries and ethnic groups. Subjects/Methods: Study populations were the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC) and the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaires, and calibrated using 24h-recall information for the EPIC Study. Only confirmed self-reports of diabetes at cohort entry were included: 6192 diabetes patients in EPIC and 13 776 in the MEC. For the cross-sectional comparison of food intake and lifestyle variables at baseline, individuals with and without diabetes were matched 1: 1 on sex, age in 5-year categories, body mass index in 2.5 kg/m(2) categories and country. Results: Higher intake of soft drinks (by 13 and 44% in the EPIC and MEC), and lower consumption of sweets, juice, wine and beer (> 10% difference) were observed in participants with diabetes compared with those without. Consumption of vegetables, fish and meat was slightly higher in individuals with diabetes in both studies, but the differences were <10%. Findings were more consistent across different ethnic groups than countries, but generally showed largely similar patterns. Conclusions: Although diabetes patients are expected to undergo nutritional education, we found only small differences in dietary behavior in comparison with cohort members without diabetes. These findings suggest that emphasis on education is needed to improve the current behaviors to assist in the prevention of complications. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2011) 65, 635-641; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.11; published online 23 February 2011
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146.
  • Nordkvist, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Adherence to diet recommendations and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The research examining the association between quality of diet and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is scarce. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between diet quality and development of AAA for middle-aged individuals in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), a prospective cohort study with baseline data collection carried out between 1991 and 1996. At baseline, the study participants who were eligible for this study (n = 26133) documented their dietary habits in a food diary and questionnaire. Incident AAA cases during an average of 20.7 years of follow-up were identified by using registers. A diet quality index consisting of six components, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, fibre, sucrose, fruits and vegetables and fish and shellfish, was used to assess the diet quality. After adjusting for potential confounders, the diet quality index was not associated with incident AAA. However, a tendency of decreased risk was observed among individuals adhering to recommendations for fruit and vegetables compared with non-adherence. When comparing the risk of more extreme intake groups, high intakes of both fruits and vegetables were associated with decreased risk.
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147.
  • Obon-Santacana, Mireia, et al. (författare)
  • Consumption of nuts and seeds and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:1, s. 76-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Four epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between nut intake and pancreatic cancer risk with contradictory results. The present study aims to investigate the relation between nut intake (including seeds) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for nut intake and PDAC risk. Information on intake of nuts was obtained from the EPIC country-specific dietary questionnaires. After a mean follow-up of 14 years, 476,160 participants were eligible for the present study and included 1,283 PDAC cases. No association was observed between consumption of nuts and PDAC risk (highest intake vs nonconsumers: HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.72-1.10; p-trend = 0.70). Furthermore, no evidence for effect-measure modification was observed when different subgroups were analyzed. Overall, in EPIC, the highest intake of nuts was not statistically significantly associated with PDAC risk.
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148.
  • Olsson, Erika, 1970- (författare)
  • Diet and common neurological disorders: cohort studies on dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Risk factors for dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke have been widely studied but there are still research gaps concerning the role of diet for the development of these diseases. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether various aspects of diet are associated with common disorders and diseases in the brain. Paper I and II are based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). Paper III and IV are based on the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) and the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM). In paper I, we investigated the associations between three different dietary patterns and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. We observed no associations between adherence to the Healthy Diet Indicator and any of the outcomes studied, or between adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet (mMDS) and AD or dementia. There was a tendency towards a lower risk of cognitive impairment with higher adherence to the mMDS, and a weak association between adherence to a Low Carbohydrate High Protein score and higher risk of all-type dementia. Overall, there were no strong associations with the studied dietary patterns and development of dementia or cognitive impairment. In paper II, we found no associations of vitamin D measured as vitamin D intake, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, or a vitamin D synthesis genetic risk score with incident AD, vascular dementia, dementia, or performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination.In paper III, we observed a weak higher risk of PD associated with milk consumption but there was no dose-response relationship. Thus, this association needs to be interpreted with caution. Fermented milk intake was not associated with PD.In paper IV, we found that a higher long-term milk consumption based on repeated measures of intake was not associated with total stroke, weakly and non-linearly associated with lower risk of cerebral infarction and higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Fermented milk consumption was not associated with any stroke type. Our results highlight the importance of repeated measurements of food intake, separate analyses of milk and fermented milk consumption, and to study stroke types separately.Despite the lack of strong associations, the findings of this thesis have increased our knowledge about the potential role of overall diet, vitamin D, and milk and fermented consumption in the prevention or development of common neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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149.
  • Olsson, Kjell, et al. (författare)
  • Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145. ; 126:7, s. 1065-1075
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dietary carbohydrates have long been expected to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the associations for many carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods remain inconclusive. This study analysed associations between intakes of six types of carbohydrates and thirteen carbohydrate-rich foods with incident type 2 diabetes in 26 622 participants (61% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study in southern Sweden. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) by using a modified diet history method. During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 cases were identified. Adjusting for potential confounders (including lifestyle, BMI, and dietary factors), comparing highest v. lowest quintile of intake, monosaccharides (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95% CI 0·79, 0·98; P trend = 0·02) and fruits (HR 0·91; 95% CI 0·82, 1·01; P trend = 0·03) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes, while disaccharides (HR 1·17; 95% CI 1·04, 1·30; P trend = 0·002) and sweets (HR 1·09; 95% CI 1·00, 1·19; P trend = 0·02) were positively associated. After stratification by sex, marmalade/honey/jam (HR 0·82; 95% CI 0·72, 0·94; P trend < 0·001) and vegetables (HR 0·85; 95% CI 0·73, 0·98; P trend = 0·06) were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in men, and chocolate (HR 1·26; 95% CI 1·09, 1·46; P trend < 0·001) was positively associated in women. In conclusion, we identified inverse associations for intake of monosaccharides and fruits with type 2 diabetes risk, and positive associations for disaccharides and sweets. Additional sex-specific associations were also identified. Future studies are needed to explore these associations further.
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150.
  • Olsson, Kjell, et al. (författare)
  • Clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and associations with type 2 diabetes incidence : a prospective cohort study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - 1475-2891. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: About one in ten adults are living with diabetes worldwide. Intake of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods are often identified as modifiable risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes. However, strong correlation between food variables can make it difficult to identify true associations. The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of carbohydrate-rich foods and analyse their associations with type 2 diabetes incidence in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort in southern Sweden. Methods: Dietary intake of 26 622 participants was assessed using a validated three-part diet history method: a 7-day food diary, a 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and a 60-minute interview. K-means clustering analysis identified five clusters from 21 food variables. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between clusters and incident type 2 diabetes. Results: The cluster analysis resulted in five clusters; high vegetables/low added sugar, high sugar-sweetened beverages, high juice, high fruit, and high refined carbohydrates/low fruit & vegetables (reference). During mean follow-up of 18 years, 4046 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounding (including lifestyle, body mass index, and diet), a high fruit cluster (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.94) was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes compared to the reference cluster. No other significant associations were identified. Conclusions: A dietary pattern defined by a high intake of fruits was associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings provide additional evidence of a potential protective effect from fruit intake in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Future studies are needed to explore this association further.
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