51. |
- Hartvigson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability of Cooperation in the International Development of African Higher Education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 67:3, s. 489-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares an ideal model of a sustainable research institution and the dominating model used by Sida. It uses a complementary capacity building (CCB) model aimed to promote an improved research culture for strengthening the sustainability of research partnerships in economics and management disciplines. This study uses bibliometric data to show post-graduation publication results from graduated Ph.D. students from the Sida supported research partnership in Rwanda and data from public records to show results from the implementation of the CCB model in the same country. The results show an increased publication activity among a significant proportion of the faculty members targeted by the CCB model and its contribution to improved research culture. Based on the evidence, the paper provides some recommendations to induce improvements in outcomes, including activities promoting a more active research culture in research partnerships with sub-Saharan African institutions.
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52. |
- Herrman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending
- 2009
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Ingår i: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. ; 35:1, s. 13-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this qualitative sociological and quantitative economic policy paper, we start out from the assumption of a very recent European Commission Background paper on the ”Efficiency and effectiveness of social spending“, which says the effectiveness of social spending can be defined by the degree to which the realized allocation approaches the socially desired outcome. The conclusions listed in the Commission paper are found far reaching and not supported by the empirical data. We perform such an analysis, starting from advances in recent literature. A more encompassing sociological perspective on the issue and factor analytical calculations is presented, which supports our general argument about the efficiency of the Scandinavian model. The social quality approach provides an alternative perspective on welfare system analysis, focusing on public policies rather than social policies. The empirical evidence, suggests that in terms of the efficiency of the European social model, the geography of comparative performance include: the direct action against social exclusion, health and family social expenditures, the neo-liberal approach, and the unemployment benefit centred approach. Applying rigorous comparative social science methodology, we also arrive at the conclusion that in terms of the initial ECOFIN definition of efficiency, the data presented in this article suggest that apart from Finland and the Netherlands, three new EU-27 member countries, especially the Czech Republic and Slovenia, provide interesting answers to the question about the efficiency of state expenditures in reducing poverty rates.
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53. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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A general model of technical change with an application to the OECD countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Economics of Innovation and New Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1043-8599 .- 1476-8364. ; 23:1, s. 25-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the neoclassical production theory technical change (TC) is specified as a function of time. However, some exogenous external factors other than time can also affect the rate of TC. In this paper, we model TC via a combination of time trend (purely non-economic) and other observable exogenous factors that shift the technology. The exogenous economic factors are used to define several technology indices. These technology indices are embedded into the production function in a flexible manner. By estimating this generalized production function, we get estimates of rate of TC which is decomposed into a pure time component as well as several components attributed to technology indices. The empirical model uses panel data on OECD, accession and enhanced engagement countries observed during 1980-2006. ©2013 Taylor & Francis.
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54. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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A production analysis of the manufacturing industries in Iran
- 1998
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 59:2, s. 183-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is concerned with the estimation of production functions, returns to scale, and measurement of the rate of technical change using panel data. Technical change is represented by single as well as multiple time trends. The underlying production technology is represented in translog functional form. A random effects model with heteroscedastic variances is used. The models are estimated using the generalized least squares method. The disturbances of cross-sectional units are assumed to be correlated over time. Empirically, our focus is on measuring technical change in Iranian manufacturing industries during the period 1971-1993. Empirical results show that single or multiple time trend representations yield different time behavior of technical change. In the multiple time trends model, we observe a sharp decline in the pattern of technical change in 1978 in relation to the political changes. In the single time trend, as expected, the sharp decline cannot be revealed due to the smooth pattern of technical progress during the entire period of study.
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55. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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A review of the circular economy and its implementation
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Economics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1744-9928 .- 1744-9936. ; 11:3/4, s. 251-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development strategy that is being proposed to tackle urgent problems of environmental degradation and resource scarcity. CE's 3R principles are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials. This study is a review of the rapidly growing literature on CE covering its concept and current practices and assessing its implementation. The review also serves as an assessment of the design, implementation and effectiveness of CE-related policies. It first presents the concept of CE and compares it with the current linear economy. The paper then introduces current practices that have been introduced and discusses standards for the assessment of CE's development and performance. Third, based on an analysis of literature, the paper identifies the underlying problems and challenges to CE in an entrepreneurial perspective. Finally, the review provides a conclusion on CE's current development and gives policy suggestions for its future development.
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56. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative Composite Lisbon Development Strategy Indices : A Comparison of EU, USA, Japan and Korea
- 2006
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Ingår i: The European Journal of Comparative Economics. - : European Association for Comparative Economic Studies and Universita Carlo Cattaneo. - 1824-2979. ; 3:2, s. 131-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the measurement of two composite Lisbon strategy indices that quantifies the level and patterns of development for ranking countries. The first index is nonparametric labelled as Lisbon strategy index (LSI). It is composed of six components: general economics, employment, innovation research, economic reform, social cohesion and environment, each generated from a number of Lisbon indicators. LSI by reducing the complexity of the set of indicators, it makes the ranking procedures quite simple. The second and parametric index is based on principal component analysis. Despite the difference in the ranking by the two indices, it is shown that the United States outperformed most EU-member states. Our investigations also show evidence of significant dynamic changes taking place, as the countries of the Union struggle to achieve the Lisbon goals. The necessity of a real reform agenda in several old and new members and candidate countries emerges from our analysis. We briefly refer to two important European phenomena emerging from our data analysis and discuss the possible lessons learned from the Korean development strategy.
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57. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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An assessment of the Swedish health system’s efficiency during the Covid-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Healthcare Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2047-9700 .- 2047-9719. ; 16:3, s. 336-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Countries’ success in managing the Covid-19 pandemic was independent of their level of education or development and institutional quality. Similarly, different provinces in countries performed differently as compared to their neighboring provinces and the country. This study assesses the efficiency of Sweden’s different municipalities in managing the Covid-19 pandemic. Its aim is determining whether the relative efficiency of Sweden’s primary healthcare system during the Covid-19 pandemic was different in different in regions and whether the regions can learn from each other to improve their efficiency in the provision of healthcare in the future. Performance is measured as efficiency in keeping the number of infected cases and deaths low. We use a data envelopment analysis for measuring efficiency. Variations in the level of efficiency are attributed to the differences in the municipalities’ demography, population concentration, economic and industrial structures, labor markets, geographic locations, and national and local policies during the pandemic. The empirical part is based on a panel of the population of 290 Swedish municipalities observed on a weekly basis during April 2020 to February 2021. The results show large variations in municipalities’ performance that can, to some extent, be attributed to their observable socioeconomic, locational, and demographic characteristics.
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58. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical reflection on ‘Smart Social Justice’, its measurement and possible drivers and bottlenecks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sociology International Journal. - : MedCrave Group. - 2576-4470. ; 2:3, s. 142-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, we present a first empirical reflection on ‘smart social justice’, its measurement and possible ‘drivers’ and ‘bottlenecks’. The very idea of ‘smart development’ was first proposed by Meadows1 and has not been really followed up to now in social science ever since. We first provide data on how much ecological footprint is used in the nations of the world system to ‘deliver’ a given amount of democracy, economic growth, gender equality, human development, research and development, and social cohesion. To this end, we first developed UNDP-type performance indicators from current standard international comparative, cross-national social science data on these six main dimensions of development and on the combined performance on the six dimensions (‘human development index plus’). We then show the non-linear standard OLS regression trade-offs between ecological footprints per capita and their square on these six components of development and the overall super-UNDP development performance index, derived from them. The residuals from these regressions are our new measures of smart development: a country experiences smart development, if it achieves a maximum of development with a minimum of ecological footprint. We then look at the cross-national drivers and bottlenecks of this smart social justice and development, using standard cross-sectional data, which operationalize standard economic, sociological and political science knowledge in international development accounting. Finally, we take up income inequality which has been very prominent in recent global public health debate due to its very detrimental effect on life quality.
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59. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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An empirical survey of the ramifications of a green economy
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Economics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1744-9928 .- 1744-9936. ; 12:1, s. 53-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unprecedented deterioration of the global environment has increased the necessity of relying on green economic policies as critical and effective environmental management tools. The current situation has stimulated extensive research and debate among global interest groups. This in turn has fostered an ever-growing volume of literature that provides a picture of the best measures affecting the establishment of the green economy, including its development and outcomes. This paper provides a survey of the green economy in a form that non-specialist readers will be able to understand. First, it reviews the recent developments in the green economy - its theoretical foundation, political background and developmental strategies towards genuine, sustainable development. It then discusses the circular economy, networks, organisations, policies, infrastructure and measurable expected effects. Since the theoretical and empirical results and findings regarding the green economy and its practice lead to a number of conclusions regarding measuring improvements, outcomes and identifying causal effects, the paper next discusses these. Finally, it provides summaries of current and possible future green development tendencies with a focus on directions, policy, organisations, capacity, areas and interventions and provides extensions that can serve as optimal directions for future research and policy.
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60. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of the collaborative coursework-based Phd program in economics and management among East African national universities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Africa Journal of Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2332-2373 .- 2332-2381. ; 4:2, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid economic growth in many sub-Saharan African countries and the consolidation of the lower education sector implies that it is becoming increasingly important to meet the demand for higher education institutions. The expansion of existing national research institutions is facing challenges related to a shortage of faculties with up-to-date skills. There is also a shift in donor countries’ allocation of development aid from production to education, training and research. Many development agencies are now looking at developing higher education sectors in emerging developing economies with increasing interest. Given the institutional and contextual constraints in developing sustainable national research institutions in several sub-Saharan countries, there is a need to discuss new and innovative approaches and mechanisms to speed up the process. This article describes a program intended to develop stronger and sustainable national research institutions through a regional collaboration for a coursework-based PhD program. The program addresses the disciplines of economics and management and involves several institutions. It is an attempt to see whether a regional collaboration between prominent national research institutions in sub-Saharan Africa based on the new model of collaboration and a broader understanding of the actions needed can speed up the establishment of sustainable national research institutions.
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