| 1. |
- Andreou, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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d-amino acid oxidase activator gene (DAOA) variation affects cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid concentrations in healthy Caucasians
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 262:7, s. 549-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The d-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) protein regulates the function of d-amino oxidase (DAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of d-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (D-DOPA) and d-serine. D-DOPA is converted to l-3,4-DOPA, a precursor of dopamine, whereas d-serine participates in glutamatergic transmission. We hypothesized that DAOA polymorphisms are associated with dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline turnover in the human brain. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms, previously reported to be associated with schizophrenia, were genotyped. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were drawn by lumbar puncture, and the concentrations of the major dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the major serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the major noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured. Two of the investigated polymorphisms, rs3918342 and rs1421292, were significantly associated with CSF HVA concentrations. Rs3918342 was found to be nominally associated with CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with MHPG concentrations. Our results indicate that DAOA gene variation affects dopamine turnover in healthy individuals, suggesting that disturbed dopamine turnover is a possible mechanism behind the observed associations between genetic variation in DAOA and behavioral phenotypes in humans.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in subtypes of depression by first incidence and age of onset : a follow-up of the Lundby population
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 268:2, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lundby Study is a prospective mental health survey in a community population (N = 3563), in which data were collected in 4 waves of field-work between 1947 and 1997. We investigated gender differences during the follow-up in overall first incidence rates, ages of onset, and incidence by age of onset patterns, in different subtypes of depression. The overall incidence rate in females was higher than males for most subtypes of depression. However, for depression with melancholic and/or psychotic features, the overall first incidence rate did not differ significantly between the genders. The mean age of onset did not differ significantly between females and males in any of the depressive subtypes. Nevertheless, females and males had different first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for unipolar non-melancholic DSM-IV mood disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), with a consistent gender incidence gap across all ages, but with the most conspicuous gender gap in middle age. The first incidence rates by age of onset patterns for DSM-IV MDD with melancholic and/or psychotic features did not differ significantly between the genders. The findings support that females are more prone than males to develop depression with medium severity, but no gender differences were found in melancholic and/or psychotic depression. The findings may support that unipolar non-melancholic depression and melancholic and/or psychotic depression represents different disorders. Tentative explanations for this are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Bogren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of psychosis: a 50-year follow-up of the Lundby population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8491 .- 0940-1334. ; 260:2, s. 113-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioural and neuropsychological vulnerability have been associated with an increased risk of psychosis. We investigated whether certain clusters of premorbid behavioural and personality-related signs and symptoms were predictors of nonaffective and/or affective psychosis and schizophrenia, respectively, in a 50-year follow-up of an unselected general community population. Total population cohorts from the same catchment area in 1947 (n = 2,503) and 1957 (n = 3,215) that had been rated for behavioural items and enduring symptoms were followed up to 1997 regarding first-incidence of DSM-IV nonaffective and/or affective psychosis. Attrition was 1-6%. The influence of the background factors, aggregated in dichotomous variables (predictors), on time to occurrence of nonaffective and/or affective psychosis was assessed by means of Cox regression models. In multivariate models the predictors nervous-tense, blunt-deteriorated, paranoid-schizotypal and tired-distracted were significantly associated with subsequent nonaffective and/or affective psychosis. In simple models, down-semidepressed, sensitive-frail and easily hurt were significantly associated with development of psychosis. When schizophrenia was analysed separately nervous-tense remained significant in the multivariate model, although blunt-deteriorated, paranoid-schizotypal and tired-distracted did not; and abnormal-antisocial reached significance. To conclude, we found some evidence for anxiety-proneness, affective/cognitive blunting, poor concentration, personality cluster-A like traits and interpersonal sensitivity to be associated with general psychosis vulnerability.
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| 6. |
- Brittlebank, A, et al.
(författare)
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Training in psychiatry throughout Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8491 .- 0940-1334. ; 266:2, s. 155-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brådvik, Louise
(författare)
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The occurrence of suicide in severe depression related to the months of the year and the days of the week.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8491 .- 0940-1334. ; 252:1, s. 28-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of suicide during the months of the year and the days of the week in severe depression. A total of 1206 in-patients rated at discharge from the Department of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden, on a multiaxial diagnostic schedule received the diagnosis severe depression/melancholia between 1956 to 1969. When followed up to 1998, a total of 114 depressed patients had taken their own life. Out of these, 98 patients appeared to have a primary depression. The monthly distribution of suicides showed a significant peak in October/November for men (41 % of all male suicides). No correlation with the onset of depression could be detected. Furthermore, there was a preponderance of suicide on Sundays for both sexes (31 % of all suicides).
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| 9. |
- Cedergren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring medication response in ADHD: what can continuous performance tests tell us?
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 272:2, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Documenting effectiveness of ADHD medication is essential throughout the course of treatment. A rating scale and a continuous performance test (CPT) with motion tracking were used to study the effect of ADHD medication including compliance during one year. Children (N = 78, age 6-18 years) with ADHD were tested with the QbTest at baseline, visit 1 (1 month after baseline) and visit 5 (12 months after baseline). The ADHD-Rating scale was rated by investigator interview at the same visits. QbTest results and ADHD-RS ratings showed reductions in symptoms on all cardinal parameters of the QbTest and on all ADHD-RS subscales between baseline and 1 month and between baseline and 12 months. There was a weak but significant correlation between the total change scores on the two measures from baseline to 1 month. Eighteen participants dropped out of the study before visit 5; at baseline, these children showed significantly lower results on the inattention parameter of the QbTest, with faster reaction time and lower variation in reaction time, suggesting they suffered less problems with inattention. Both the QbTest and the ADHD-RS showed robust ADHD symptom improvements indicative of medication effect, and the QbTest results might also predict non-compliance of medication. Further research is warranted to increase knowledge about reliable monitoring of long-term medication and compliance.
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| 10. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Converging evidence suggests that monoamine neurotransmitter turnover in human adults is associated with their season of birth.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 252:3, s. 130-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Separate studies on adults, including those in suicidology and another regarding personality in the general population, have indicated associations with their season of birth. We analyse each of these studies by multiple nonlinear regression employing a cosine function for the month of birth, and compare these studies regarding the birth months giving the maxima and minima. The method of suicide in suicide studies shows a significant month-of-birth variation similar to that for the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in the separate study on cerebrospinal fluid, with a peak around the birth month September and a nadir around birth in March. When comparing the personality study with the study on cerebrospinal fluid, the trait novelty seeking varies similar to that for the dopamine metabolite HVA or the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG, and the trait reward dependence varies similar to that for HVA. The trait self-transcendence varies similar to the ratio of the dopamine and serotonin metabolites. Dopamine turnover in adults thus shows a peak around the birth months November-December, and a nadir around the birth months May-June, suggesting a possible involvement of the length of photoperiod during their perinatal period. These results provide strong evidence for the influence of season of birth on adult monoamine neurotransmitter turnover, and give further support for the monoaminergic modulation of the temperament and character traits.
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