| 1. |
- Bunker, Aditi, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of cool roofs on health, environmental, and economic outcomes in rural Africa : study protocol for a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High ambient air temperatures in Africa pose significant health and behavioral challenges in populations with limited access to cooling adaptations. The built environment can exacerbate heat exposure, making passive home cooling adaptations a potential method for protecting occupants against indoor heat exposure.Methods: We are conducting a 2-year community-based stratified cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) implementing sunlight-reflecting roof coatings, known as “cool roofs,” as a climate change adaptation intervention for passive indoor home cooling. Our primary research objective is to investigate the effects of cool roofs on health, indoor climate, economic, and behavioral outcomes in rural Burkina Faso. This cRCT is nested in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), a population-based dynamic cohort study of all people living in a geographically contiguous area covering 59 villages, 14305 households and 28610 individuals. We recruited 1200 participants, one woman and one man, each in 600 households in 25 villages in the Nouna HDSS. We stratified our sample by (i) village and (ii) two prevalent roof types in this area of Burkina Faso: mud brick and tin. We randomized the same number of people (12) and homes (6) in each stratum 1:1 to receiving vs. not receiving the cool roof. We are collecting outcome data on one primary endpoint - heart rate, (a measure of heat stress) and 22 secondary outcomes encompassing indoor climate parameters, blood pressure, body temperature, heat-related outcomes, blood glucose, sleep, cognition, mental health, health facility utilization, economic and productivity outcomes, mosquito count, life satisfaction, gender-based violence, and food consumption. We followed all participants for 2 years, conducting monthly home visits to collect objective and subjective outcomes. Approximately 12% of participants (n = 152) used smartwatches to continuously measure endpoints including heart rate, sleep and activity.Discussion: Our study demonstrates the potential of large-scale cRCTs to evaluate novel climate change adaptation interventions and provide evidence supporting investments in heat resilience in sub-Saharan Africa. By conducting this research, we will contribute to better policies and interventions to help climate-vulnerable populations ward off the detrimental effects of extreme indoor heat on health.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00023207. Registered on April 19, 2021.
|
|
| 2. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av Mentorer i våldsprevention : Slutrapport
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten presenterar resultaten från en utvärdering av det våldsförebyggande programmet Mentorer i våldsprevention (MVP). Programmet Mentors in Violence Prevention kommer från USA och är ett utbildningsprogram som syftar till att förebygga killars och mäns våld. Organisationen Män för Jämställdhet har översatt programmet från engelska, anpassat det till svenska förhållanden och under perioden 2015-2017 spridit MVP i ett antal skolor i Sverige inom ramen för projektet ”En kommun fri från våld”. Det är den version av MVP som Män för Jämställdhet utvecklat och sprider som den här utvärderingen berör. Utvärderingen har genomförts på uppdrag av Skolverket.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lukkerz, Jack, FIl licentiat, 1972-
(författare)
-
Sex på rätt sätt : Unga, sexualitet och svensk samtida sexualsyn
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish sexuality education, mandatory since 1955, is part of general social politics, aiming among others to prevent socio-sexual problems through educating and disciplining young, future citizens. The overall aim is to examine contemporary societal view on sexuality through studies of representatives of schools, authorities and NGO’s negotiating young people's sexuality regulations related to current ideas of socio-sexual problems, and to outline constructions of young people's sexuality through the organisation of sex education. Two studies with ten years in between highlight the contemporary view on youth and sexuality through an analysis of 1) professional views on sexuality education and 2) analysis of documents regarding the new Swedish curriculum, in force since autumn semester 2022. The first study contains of focus group interviews with staff working with young people with intellectual disabilities, previously published 2014, using Theory of Social Representations. The second, newer study, using Critical Discourse Analysis as method and Rubin´s radical theories on sexuality politics as theory, analyses views on sexuality in open access published preparatory works regarding the new curriculum. Young people's sexuality is related to risks, while the idea of pleasure is absent. Young women, young LGBTQ people, and young with intellectual disabilities are made vulnerable and norm breaking, while young men´s sexuality, heterosexuality and able-bodiedness are a not scrutinised norm. Sex education is defined by professionals and experts on elite level, not necessarily linked to scientific knowledge. Equality, pornography, and consent appear as questions that engage. Equality is related to a binary understanding of gender, or a freer view on gender as a prerequisite for equality work to succeed. Pornography is understood as a problem in young men, affecting young women and promoting violence and negative attitudes. Consent is welcomed, but with lacking analyses of how to communicate it.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tuisku, Jouni, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of age, BMI and sex on the glial cell marker TSPO : a multicentre [11C]PBR28 HRRT PET study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 46:11, s. 2329-2338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ageing, sex and body mass index (BMI) on translocator protein (TSPO) availability in healthy subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [C-11]PBR28. Methods [C-11]PBR28 data from 140 healthy volunteers (72 males and 68 females; N = 78 with HAB and N = 62 MAB genotype; age range 19-80 years; BMI range 17.6-36.9) were acquired with High Resolution Research Tomograph at three centres: Karolinska Institutet (N = 53), Turku PET centre (N = 62) and Yale University PET Center (N = 25). The total volume of distribution (V-T) was estimated in global grey matter, frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal cortices, hippocampus and thalamus using multilinear analysis 1. The effects of age, BMI and sex on TSPO availability were investigated using linear mixed effects model, with TSPO genotype and PET centre specified as random intercepts. Results There were significant positive correlations between age and V-T in the frontal and temporal cortex. BMI showed a significant negative correlation with V-T in all regions. Additionally, significant differences between males and females were observed in all regions, with females showing higher V-T. A subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between V-T and age in all regions in male subjects, whereas age showed no effect on TSPO levels in female subjects. Conclusion These findings provide evidence that individual biological properties may contribute significantly to the high variation shown in TSPO binding estimates, and suggest that age, BMI and sex can be confounding factors in clinical studies.
|
|
