| 1. |
- Stewart, Tracy L, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotypes defined by promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms of the COLIA1 gene regulate bone mineral density in women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 91:9, s. 3575-3583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The COLIA1 gene is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis. The causal genetic variants are currently unclear, but the most likely are functional polymorphisms in the promoter and intron 1 of COLIA1. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms of COLIA1 or haplotypes defined by these polymorphisms regulate bone mineral density (BMD) in women. DESIGN: This was a population-based association study involving 3270 women from the United Kingdom who took part in a regional osteoporosis screening program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMD at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD) and femoral neck (FN-BMD) was measured on two occasions approximately 6 yr apart, in relation to polymorphisms and haplotypes defined by polymorphisms within the COLIA1 intron 1 (+1245G/T; rs1800012) and promoter (-1997G/T; rs1107946; -1663IndelT; rs2412298). RESULTS: The polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and three haplotypes accounted for more than 95% of alleles at the COLIA1 locus. The individual polymorphisms were associated with BMD, but the most consistent associations were with haplotypes defined by all three polymorphisms. Homozygote carriers of haplotype 2 (-1997G/-1663delT/+1245T) had reduced BMD at baseline (P = 0.007 for LS-BMD; P = 0.008 for FN-BMD), whereas homozygotes for haplotype 3 (-1997T/-1663insT/+1245G) had increased BMD (P = 0.007 for LS-BMD). Similar associations were observed at follow-up for haplotype 3, but the association with haplotype 2 was weaker due to increased uptake of hormone replacement therapy in homozygotes for this haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: Two haplotypes defined by polymorphisms in the 5' flank of the COLIA1 regulate BMD in a bidirectional manner in women.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Puyu, et al.
(författare)
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A Test Study of an Energy and Mass Balance Model Application to a Site on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, energy and mass balance is quantified using an energy balance model to represent the glacier melt of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan. Based on data from an Automatic Weather Station (4025 m a.s.l) and the mass balance field survey data nearby on the East Branch of the glacier, the “COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and Mass balance model” (COSIMA) was used to derive energy and mass balance simulations during the ablation season of 2018. Results show that the modeled cumulative mass balance (−0.67 ± 0.03 m w.e.) agrees well with the in-situ measurements (−0.64 ± 0.16 m w.e.) (r2 = 0.96) with the relative difference within 5% during the study period. The correlation coefficient between modeled and observed surface temperatures is 0.88 for daily means. The main source of melt energy at the glacier surface is net shortwave radiation (84%) and sensible heat flux (16%). The energy expenditures are from net longwave radiation (55%), heat flux for snow/ice melting (32%), latent heat flux of sublimation and evaporation (7%), and subsurface heat flux (6%). The sensitivity testing of mass balance shows that mass balance is more sensitive to temperature increase and precipitation decrease than temperature decrease and precipitation increase.
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| 3. |
- Zanchetta, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide inferred from tower and mobile atmospheric observations in the Netherlands
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4170. ; 20:16, s. 3539-3553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a promising tracer for the estimation of terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). However, understanding its non-GPP-related sources and sinks, e.g., anthropogenic sources and soil sources and sinks, is also critical to the success of the approach. Here we infer the regional sources and sinks of COS using continuous in situ mole fraction profile measurements of COS along the 60gm tall Lutjewad tower (1gmga.s.l.; 53g 24′gN, 6g 21′gE) in the Netherlands. To identify potential sources that caused the observed enhancements of COS mole fractions at Lutjewad, both discrete flask samples and in situ measurements in the province of Groningen were made from a mobile van using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS). We also simulated the COS mole fractions at Lutjewad using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model combined with emission inventories and plant uptake fluxes. We determined the nighttime COS fluxes to be -3.0±2.6gpmolgm-2gs-1 using the radon-tracer correlation approach and Lutjewad observations. Furthermore, we identified and quantified several COS sources, including biodigesters, sugar production facilities and silicon carbide production facilities in the province of Groningen. Moreover, the simulation results show that the observed COS enhancements can be partially explained by known industrial sources of COS and CS2, in particular from the Ruhr Valley (51.5gN, 7.2gE) and Antwerp (51.2gN, 4.4gE) areas. The contribution of likely missing anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in the inventory may be significant. The impact of the identified sources in the province of Groningen is estimated to be negligible in terms of the observed COS enhancements. However, in specific conditions, these sources may influence the measurements in Lutjewad. These results are valuable for improving our understanding of the sources and sinks of COS, contributing to the use of COS as a tracer for GPP.
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