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- Yang, Zhenlin, et al.
(author)
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How can meteorological observations and microclimate simulations improve understanding of 1913-2010 climate change around Abisko, Swedish Lapland?
- 2012
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In: Meteorological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1350-4827. ; 19:4, s. 454-463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A detailed analysis of 2 years' hourly microclimatic (mainly surface air temperature) data recently acquired from locations widely dispersed over 700 km2 in the Abisko catchment encompassing Lake Tornetrask in Swedish Lapland is presented in this study. This project is designed to explore the effects of microclimatic variability, past and future climate change (1913-2100) on regional vegetation and land-use changes, at an unique Arctic ecological and climate monitoring site, to aid adaptation of stakeholders to future climate change. Dominant altitudinal lapse rate and radiation effects during summer are revealed in detailed analysis of spatial variations in temperature between the different sites, which become largely negated during winter when cold-air ponding is much more significant. Moreover, near-shore temperatures are moderated significantly by Lake Tornetrask during the spring lake-ice melt season. The extent to which synoptic meteorological conditions affect these factors is explored. Examples of gridded temperature maps for the Abisko region are also presented, produced using a downscaling model based on the temperature data, which have numerous ecological and other applications. The long-term Abisko Scientific Research Station meteorological record, which spans almost a century from 1913 to present is also explored, for evidence of climate change, to set the temperature logger data in a long-term climate context. Exploratory analysis of the possible influence of future regional climate change on ecological/vegetation zones is also briefly discussed. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
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- Bor, Yasemin, et al.
(author)
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Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals Migration of Cyclic Lactide Oligomers from Polylactide Packaging in Contact with Ethanolic Food Simulant
- 2012
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In: Packaging technology & science. - : Wiley. - 0894-3214 .- 1099-1522. ; 25:7, s. 427-433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis revealed rapid migration of cyclic oligomers from polylactide (PLA) packaging when stored in contact with 96% ethanol. The mass losses in contact with water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and isooctane were 3 to 5 times smaller and no migration of cyclic oligomers was observed. The presence of cyclic oligomers in the original PLA films and their solubility in ethanol, thus, explains the rapid mass loss for PLA in contact with ethanolic food simulant. On prolonged ageing no further mass loss was observed in 96% ethanol, whereas mass loss in aqueous food simulants increased because of hydrolysis of PLA matrix or the cyclic oligomers to water-soluble linear products. The mass losses were generally somewhat smaller for the stereocomplex material compared with the poly-l-lactide materials. Similar trend was observed for solvent uptakes, which is easily explained by the higher degree of crystallinity and stronger secondary interactions in the stereocomplex material. The use of ethanol as a fatty food simulant for PLA materials could, thus, lead to overestimation of the overall migration values.
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