| 1. |
- Nilbert, Mef, et al.
(författare)
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Role for Genetic Anticipation in Lynch Syndrome.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755. ; 27, s. 360-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Anticipation (ie, an earlier age at onset in successive generations) is linked to repeat expansion in neurodegenerative syndromes, whereas its role in hereditary cancer is unclear. We assessed anticipation in Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer [HNPCC]), in which DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects cause early and accelerated tumor development with a broad tumor spectrum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the population-based Danish HNPCC registry, 407 MMR gene mutation carriers who had developed cancer associated with Lynch syndrome, were identified. These individuals formed 290 parent-child pairs in which age at the first cancer diagnosis was assessed. A paired t-test and a specifically developed bivariate model were used to assess a possible role of anticipation. RESULTS: Both methods revealed anticipation with children developing cancer mean 9.8 years (P < .001) earlier than parents using the paired t-test and 5.5 years (P < .001) earlier using the bivariate model. Birth cohort effects were excluded since anticipation with 7.2 years earlier age at onset was identified also in the oldest cohort, in which the children were observed until they were older than 80 years. The effect remained when cancers diagnosed at surveillance were excluded, applied to maternal as well as paternal inheritance, and was independent of the MMR gene mutated. CONCLUSION: The effect from anticipation demonstrated in this large, population-based Lynch syndrome cohort underscores the need to initiate surveillance programs at young age. It should also stimulate research into the genetic mechanisms that determine age at onset and whether the genetic instability that characterizes Lynch syndrome can be linked to anticipation.
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| 2. |
- Nilbert, Mef, et al.
(författare)
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Sarcomas associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: broad anatomical and morphological spectrum
- 2009
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Ingår i: Familial Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9600 .- 1573-7292. ; 8:3, s. 209-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is primarily linked to colorectal and endometrial cancer, but is associated with a broad tumor spectrum. Though not formally part of the syndrome, occasional sarcomas have been reported in individuals with HNPCC. We used the national Danish HNPCC-register to identify HNPCC families in which sarcomas had been diagnosed. Fourteen sarcomas were identified in families with mutations in MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1. The median age at sarcoma diagnosis was 43 (15-74) years. Soft tissue sarcomas predominated followed by uterine sarcomas and eight histopathological subtypes were represented with recurrent diagnoses of liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma. Tumor tissue from eight cases was available for analysis of mismatch-repair (MMR) status using immunohistochemical staining and analysis of microsatellite instability, which revealed MMR defects in six of the eight tumors investigated. This suggests that sarcomas may be part of the HNPCC tumor spectrum and that colorectal cancer should be considered in the family history of sarcoma patients.
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| 3. |
- Timshel, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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An effect from anticipation also in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families without identified mutations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821. ; 33:3-4, s. 231-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal prevention of hereditary cancer is central and requires initiation of surveillance programmes and/or prophylactic measures at a safe age. Anticipation, expressed as an earlier age at onset in successive generations, has been demonstrated in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). We specifically addressed anticipation in phenotypic HNPCC families without disease-predisposing mismatch repair (MMR) defects since risk estimates and age at onset are particularly difficult to determine in this cohort. The national Danish HNPCC register was used to identify families who fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria for HNPCC and showed normal MMR function and/or lack of disease-predisposing MMR gene mutation. In total, 319 cancers from 212 parent-child pairs in 99 families were identified. A paired t-test and a bivariate statistical model were used to assess anticipation. Both methods demonstrated an effect from anticipation with cancer diagnosed mean 11.4 years (t-test, p < 0.0001) and mean 5.9 (bivariate model, p = 0.02) years earlier in children than in parents. This observation suggests that anticipation may apply also to families without identified mutations and serves as a reminder to initiate surveillance programmes at young age also in HNPCC families with undefined genetic causes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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