| 1. |
- Alberghi, G. L., et al.
(författare)
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Choice and characterization of photomultipliers for the new ATLAS LUCID detector
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The luminosity monitor LUCID (LUminosity Cherenkov Integrating Detector) employed in the ATLAS experiment at the LHC had to be upgraded for the second run of LHC (Run 2) that started in spring 2015. The increased energy of the proton beams and the higher luminosity implied that the Photomultipliers of the original LUCID detector had to be replaced for Run 2 to cope with the more demanding conditions. This paper deals with choice and characterisation of the Photomultipliers used for the new version of LUCID.
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| 2. |
- Aria, S., et al.
(författare)
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GLINT Gravitational-wave laser INterferometry triangle
- 2017
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 44:2, s. 181-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the universe was roughly one billion years old, supermassive black holes (10(3)-10(6) solar masses) already existed. The occurrence of supermassive black holes on such short time scales are poorly understood in terms of their physical or evolutionary processes. Our current understanding is limited by the lack of observational data due the limits of electromagnetic radiation. Gravitational waves as predicted by the theory of general relativity have provided us with the means to probe deeper into the history of the universe. During the ESA Alpach Summer School of 2015, a group of science and engineering students devised GLINT (Gravitational-wave Laser INterferometry Triangle), a space mission concept capable of measuring gravitational waves emitted by black holes that have formed at the early periods after the big bang. Morespecifically at redshifts of 15
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| 3. |
- Petrelli, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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An overlooked horticultural crop, Smyrnium olusatrum, as a potential source of compounds effective against African trypanosomiasis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Parasitology international. - : Elsevier BV. - 1383-5769 .- 1873-0329. ; 66:2, s. 146-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among natural products, sesquiterpenes have shown promising inhibitory effects against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Smyrnium olusatrum (Apiaceae), also known as Alexanders or wild celery, is a neglected horticultural crop characterized by oxygenated sesquiterpenes containing a furan ring. In the present work we explored the potential of its essential oils obtained from different organs and the main oxygenated sesquiterpenes, namely isofuranodiene, germacrone and β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene, as inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei. All essential oils effectively inhibited the growth of parasite showing IC50 values of 1.9–4.0 μg/ml. Among the main essential oil constituents, isofuranodiene exhibited a significant and selective inhibitory activity against T. brucei (IC50 of 0.6 μg/ml, SI = 30), with β-acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4(15)-ene giving a moderate potentiating effect. These results shed light on the possible application of isofuranodiene as an antiprotozoal agent to be included in combination treatments aimed not only at curing patients but also at preventing the diffusion of HAT.
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| 4. |
- Sut, Stefania, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of tagitinin C from Tithonia diversifolia as antitrypanosomal compound using bioactivity-guided fractionation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fitoterapia (Milano). - : Elsevier. - 0367-326X .- 1873-6971. ; 124, s. 145-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae), is used as traditional medicine in tropical countries for the treatment of various diseases, including malaria. Although numerous studies have assessed the antimalarial properties, nothing is known about the effect of T. diversifolia extracts on trypanosomiasis. In this study extracts of T. diversifolia aerial parts were evaluated for their bioactivity against Trypanosoma brucei. The activity was studied against bloodstream forms of T. brucei (TC221), as well as against mammalian cells (BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts), as a counter-screen for toxicity. Both methanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant effects with IC50 values of 1.1 and 2.2 mu g/mL against T. brucei (TC221) and 5.2 and 3.7 mu g/mL against BALB/3T3 cells, respectively. A bioassay-guided fractionation on the methanolic extract yielded in identification of active fractions (F8 and F9) with IC50 values of 0.41 and 0.43 mu g/mL, respectively, against T. brucei (TC221) and 1.4 and 1.5 mu g/mL, respectively, against BALB/3T3 cells,. The phytochemical composition of the extracts and the purified fractions were investigated using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra showing the presence of sesquiterpene lactones that in turn were subjected to the isolation procedure. Tagitinin A and C were rather active but the latter presented a very strong inhibition on T. brucei (TC221) with an IC50 value of 0.0042 mu g/mL. This activity was 4.5 times better than that of the reference drug suramin. The results of this study shed light on the antitrypanosomal effects of T. diversifolia extracts and highlighted tagitinin C as one of the possible responsible for this effect. Further structure activity relationships studies on tagitinins are needed to consider this sesquiterpenes as lead compounds for the development of new antitrypanosomal drugs.
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