| 61. |
- Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 62. |
- Engström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Producing Feedstock for Biofuels : Land-Use and Local Environmental Impacts
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Feedstock production and conversion to biofuels can affect the local environment in many different ways. Given that biofuels presently mostly are produced from conventional food crops, impacts resemble those characterising the present day agriculture. These depend on the crops produced, the production systems employed, governance conditions, and local environmental conditions. In the main report, production system characteristics and current documented environmental impacts related to e.g. air and water quality and biodiversity – associated with the production of relevant biofuel crops are presented in each country land-use profile
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| 63. |
- Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:1, s. 15-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved. A literature search was conducted, and the selection criteria yielded 59 articles derived from diverse applications and methods. Most met the stated research-quality criteria. This review identified how simulation can facilitate decision making and that it may induce learning. Furthermore, simulation offers immediate feedback about proposed changes, allows analysis of scenarios, and promotes communication on building a shared system view and understanding of how a complex system works. However, only 14 of the 59 articles reported on implementation experiences, including how decision making was supported. On the basis of these articles, we proposed steps essential for the success of simulation projects, not just in the computer, but also in clinical reality. We also presented a novel concept combining simulation modeling with the established plan-do-study-act cycle for improvement. Future scientific inquiries concerning implementation, impact, and the value for health care management are needed to realize the full potential of simulation modeling.
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| 64. |
- Ramburuth, Prem, et al.
(författare)
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The Chinese Dragon Engages Africa
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Thirty Years of China's Economic Reform. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781608769087 ; , s. 155-167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China and Africa have been trading partners for centuries, and China is now Africa's third-largest trading partner. This chapter explores the extent of China's economic engagement in Africa, its strategies and approaches, and implications for African development. The interpretative approach adopted in this chapter involves a comprehensive review of current literature, and draws on recent data to highlight China's activities in Africa and identify areas of expansion and development. Specifically, it draws attention to China's bilateral trade with Africa, and its growth from under $10 billion in 1995 to $106 billion in 2008. Currently, 80% of China's imports from Africa are from the extractive industry, and the most significant import is oil. China's intentions seem to be divided between acting as a facilitator for Africa's development and an extractor of its resources. It has adopted a "soft diplomacy" strategy in its pursuit of global growth, and is supporting the increased presence of Chinese SOEs and privately owned enterprises in Africa. Clearly, there are benefits to Africa's development. However, in weighing the benefits of China's engagement in Africa, African countries must consider issues of sustainability for long-term economic development and develop strategies to leverage the benefits of their rich resources, without being dependent on external agencies for their development.
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| 65. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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Den nyttiga utevistelsen? Forskningsperspektiv på naturkontaktens betydelse för barns hälsa och miljöengagemang
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna syntes är ett försök att överblicka forskning om hälsoeffekter av barns utevistelse och utelekar. De fyra forskarna bidrar med sina olika perspektiv: Mårtensson skriver om barns lek i staden och om stadsplanering. Lisberg Jensen ger ett humanekologiskt perspektiv och reder ut de olika argument som anförs för nyttan med barns utevistelse. Söderström, som är läkare, skriver om positiva och negativa hälsoeffekter av barns utevistelse. Öhman, i sin tur, ger ett pedagogiskt perspektiv och skriver om lärande och naturkontakt. Författarna har också skrivit en gemensam syntestext, där de diskuterar det komplexa ämnet barns naturkontakt.
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| 66. |
- Ahlstrand, Roland, 1956-
(författare)
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Social responsibility in connection with business closures : A study of closures of Ericsson Telecom facilities in Norrköping and Linköping
- 2010
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Ingår i: Economic and Industrial Democracy. - London : Sage Publications. - 0143-831X .- 1461-7099. ; 31:4, s. 537-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article analyses why and how Ericsson Telecom assumeda greater responsibility than was legally required when it dismissedmore than 23,000 employees in Sweden at the beginning of the21st century. The analysis starts from neoinstitutional theoryand is based on case studies of the company’s closuresin Norrköping and Linköping. The article focuses,in particular, on the interaction between Ericsson, the tradeunions, the County Administrative Board, the County Labour Board,the Public Employment Service, the Swedish Employment SecurityCouncil, the government and the respective municipalities. Itis shown that the greater responsibility taken by Ericsson wasbased on its desire to maintain legitimacy by taking into considerationprevailing societal expectations regarding the company’sbehaviour.
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| 67. |
- Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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When a new industry meets traditional and declining ones: An integrative approach towards dialectics and social movement theory in a model of regional industry emergence processes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 26:3, s. 290-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes an integrative approach towards dialectics and social movement theories in a model of regional industry emergence processes. Based on an inductive qualitative investigation we describe how a new industry emerges in a declining and peripheral region dominated by struggling and traditional local industry. The emanating model of regional industry emergence is based on four main processes; framing processes, movement mobilisation processes, inter-industry relational processes and dialectical processes, which together shape the emerging regional industry. This exemplifies how new regional industry mobilisation efforts provide an ‘anti-thesis' to traditional industry, and how established industry actors respond with contestation to protect their business concepts. Furthermore we illustrate how new industry actors reframe their concepts to complement dominating traditional industry and to overcome tensions and conflicts. Following dialectic interaction between new and traditional industry we noticed signs of acceptance and synthesis between the newly formed and old industry actors; ultimately resulting in a revitalisation of the region's traditional industry. As such, the paper makes a point of accounting for agency and productive conflict when understanding regional industry renewal and emergence.
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| 68. |
- Svensson, Mikael, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:2, s. 184-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article compares adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants from Nordic, non-Nordic European and non-European countries with that of the native Swedish majority population.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Arbuthnott, Andrew, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Renewing industry cluster development via interregional industry-university links
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1753-0660 .- 1753-0679. ; 3:6, s. 604-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of developing regional industry clusters has grown alongside the need for industries and universities to be more interlinked. A regional automotive testing industry cluster, located in the north of Sweden, is the innovative empirical setting for this research paper. Following the logic of induction, it is discovered that as the regional industry reached a certain maturity, renewal was sought via developing links to universities within other regions in Sweden. A conceptual sensemaking lens is used to theorise upon the links thus formed and to develop new insights into regional industry renewal processes and interregional industry-university links. Practical insights stemming from the case are also explained, and future research directions provided.
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