A Phylogeny of Urophylleae (Rubiaceae) based on rps16 intron data

• This is the first study of phylogenetic relationships within the pantropical group Urophylleae. Previous studies have included few representatives from this group and little is known about its phylogeny. Here we use sequence data from the rps16 intron to address the question of where the four genera Temnopteryx, Pentaloncha, Pleiocarpidia, and Poecilocalyx, which have sometimes been classified in this group belong. By using different outgroups we show that there is conflict regarding the resolution among lineages in Rubioideae, which partly affects the support for relationships within Urophylleae. Urophylleae is shown to consist of two sister groups, one larger consisting only of Old World taxa and one smaller including the New World genera Amphidasya and Raritebe, and as sister of these two groups the African monotypic genus Temnopteryx. Pentaloncha, Pleiocarpidia, and Poecilocalyx all belong in the large Old World clade, which only comprises taxa included in the original circumscription of Urophylleae. Relationships within this group are not completely resolved, but Poecilocalyx is found to be the sister of Stelechantha and Pleiocarpidia to be the sister of Urophyllum leucophleum. Urophyllum is paraphyletic, as it seems to include Maschalocorymbus, Pleiocarpidia, Praravinia, and Pravinaria. It is not clear from the present analysis whether Pauridiantha is monophyletic or not.

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