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Modifiable causes of premature death in middle-age in Western Europe : Results from the EPIC cohort study

Muller, David C. (author)
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
Murphy, Neil (author)
Imperial College London
Johansson, Mattias (author)
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
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Ferrari, Pietro (author)
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. (author)
Imperial College London
Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine (author)
Institut Gustave Roussy
Clavel, Francoise (author)
Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP)
Dartois, Laureen (author)
Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP)
Li, Kuanrong (author)
German Cancer Research Centre
Kaaks, Rudolf (author)
German Cancer Research Centre
Weikert, Cornelia (author)
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Bergmann, Manuela (author)
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Boeing, Heiner (author)
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Tjønneland, Anne (author)
Danish Cancer Society
Overvad, Kim (author)
Aarhus University
Redondo, M. Luisa (author)
Public Health Directorate
Agudo, Antonio (author)
Catalan Institute of Oncology,University Medical Center Utrecht
Molina-Portillo, Elena (author)
CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)
Altzibar, Jone M. (author)
Biodonostia Health Research Institute
Cirera, Lluís (author)
University of Murcia
Ardanaz, Eva (author)
CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP),Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA)
Khaw, Kay Tee (author)
University of Cambridge
Wareham, Nicholas J. (author)
University of Cambridge
Key, Timothy J. (author)
University of Oxford
Travis, Ruth C. (author)
University of Oxford
Bamia, Christina (author)
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Orfanos, Philippos (author)
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Trichopoulou, Antonia (author)
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Palli, Domenico (author)
Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO)
Pala, Valeria (author)
Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
Tumino, Rosario (author)
Civic and M.P Arezzo Hospital
Vineis, Paolo (author)
Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF)
Panico, Salvatore (author)
University of Naples Federico II
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas (author)
University of Malaya
Verschuren, W. M Monique (author)
University Medical Center Utrecht
Struijk, Ellen A. (author)
University Medical Center Utrecht
Peeters, Petra H. (author)
University Medical Center Utrecht
Engström, Gunnar (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kardiovaskulär forskning - epidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups
Melander, Olle (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kardiovaskulär forskning - hypertoni,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension,Lund University Research Groups,Skåne University Hospital
Sund, Malin (author)
Umeå universitet,Umeå University,Kirurgi
Weiderpass, Elisabete (author)
Karolinska Institutet
Skeie, Guri (author)
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
Lund, Eiliv (author)
UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
Norat, Teresa (author)
Imperial College London
Gunter, Marc (author)
Imperial College London
Riboli, Elio (author)
Imperial College London
Brennan, Paul (author)
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2016-06-14
2016
English.
In: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 14:1
Related links:
http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://doi.org/10.1...
https://doi.org/10.1...
https://umu.diva-por... (primary) (Raw object)
https://lup.lub.lu.s...
https://doi.org/10.1...
https://urn.kb.se/re...
http://kipublication...
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  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Background: Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death. Methods: We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the EPIC prospective cohort study, aged between 40 and 70 years at the time of recruitment. Flexible parametric survival models were used to model risk of death conditional on risk factors, and survival functions and attributable fractions (AF) for deaths prior to age 70 years were calculated based on the fitted models. Results: We identified 11,930 deaths which occurred before the age of 70. The AF for premature mortality for smoking was 31 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), 31-32 %) and 14 % (95 % CI, 12-16 %) for poor diet. Important contributions were also observed for overweight and obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (10 %; 95 % CI, 8-12 %) and high blood pressure (9 %; 95 % CI, 7-11 %). AFs for physical inactivity and excessive alcohol intake were 7 % and 4 %, respectively. Collectively, the AF for all six risk factors was 57 % (95 % CI, 55-59 %), being 35 % (95 % CI, 32-37 %) among never smokers and 74 % (95 % CI, 73-75 %) among current smokers. Conclusions: While smoking remains the predominant risk factor for premature death in Europe, poor diet, overweight and obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute substantially. Any attempt to minimise premature deaths will ultimately require all six factors to be addressed.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Absolute risk
Attributable fraction
Modifiable risk factors
Mortality
Premature death
Premature death

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)
ref (subject category)

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