Globalization and Development: The Impact of International Trade on Political and Social Institutions

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
000		05081nam a2200445 4500
001		oai:DiVA.org:su-195945
003		SwePub
008		210901s2021 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
020		a 9789179115968q print
020		a 9789179115975q electronic
024	7	a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1959452 URI
040		a (SwePub)su
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a vet2 swepub-contenttype
072	7	a dok2 swepub-publicationtype
100	1	a Khoban, Roza,d 1989-u Stockholms universitet,Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 aut0 (Swepub:su)rokh7869
245	1 0	a Globalization and Development :b The Impact of International Trade on Political and Social Institutions
264	1	a Stockholm :b Department of Economics, Stockholm University,c 2021
300		a 186 s.
338		a electronic2 rdacarrier
490	0	a Dissertations in Economics,x 1404-3491 ;v 2021:2
520		a The Impact of Trade Liberalization in the Presence of Political DistortionsPolitical distortions are prevalent in many developing countries and can imply substantial productivity losses. Theory is ambiguous as to whether greater openness to trade amplifies or reduces the effects of such distortions. This paper shows that trade liberalization in India decreased the value of firms' political connections, suggesting a reduction in political distortions. First, using variation in firm connections stemming from political turnover, we identify that political connections increased firm performance by 10-20%. Second, we evaluate how the value of political connections changed after India's externally imposed tariff reductions, using a triple-difference and difference-in-discontinuities design. We find that political connections became substantially less valuable when tariffs on input goods were reduced. Our findings imply that access to international markets reduces firms' dependence on political connections to source input goods, thus reducing the distortionary effect of such connections. The results suggest a new margin for gains from trade in the presence of political distortions through a direct effect of trade liberalization on the prevalence of such distortions.Importing Gender EqualityGender equality remains low in many developing countries and can partly be explained by social norms. In this paper, I investigate whether trade and, in particular import, can shift gender norms. Specifically, I study whether trading and interacting with firms in countries with higher gender equality can affect firms' gender composition in India. I construct a global industry-level index of gender equality and exploit India's trade liberalization in the 1990s to study the trade-induced increased exposure to other countries' gender norms. I find that tariff reductions increased the probability of having a female worker only for firms in industries with higher exposure to gender equality. The effect is stronger for firms in industries with higher exposure to gender equality that, to a greater extent, use relationship-specific input goods. Taken together, the results suggest that trade-induced increased exposure to other countries' gender equality can influence firms' gender composition among workers.Trade-Induced Protests: Evidence from the Brazilian Trade LiberalizationThis paper examines whether trade liberalization can induce shifts in citizens' willingness to mobilize and participate in protests. Specifically, I study the regional effects of Brazil's trade liberalization in the 1990s. I show that regions that were exposed to larger tariff reductions experienced a relative increase in protests. Protests increased in harder-hit regions almost immediately after the liberalization, and the effect is amplified over time. By studying potential mechanisms, I show that the surge in protests follows the pattern of the trade-induced increase in income inequality and reductions in government spending.
650	7	a SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAPx Ekonomi och näringslivx Nationalekonomi0 (SwePub)502012 hsv//swe
650	7	a SOCIAL SCIENCESx Economics and Businessx Economics0 (SwePub)502012 hsv//eng
653		a Globalization
653		a International Trade
653		a Economic Development
653		a Political Distortions
653		a Gender Norms
653		a Protests
653		a Economics
653		a nationalekonomi
700	1	a Åkerman, Anders,c Associate Professoru Stockholms universitet,Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 ths
700	1	a Strömberg, David,c Professoru Stockholms universitet,Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 ths
700	1	a Moxnes, Andreas,c Professoru Department of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway4 opn
710	2	a Stockholms universitetb Nationalekonomiska institutionen4 org
856	4	u https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1590163/FULLTEXT01.pdfx primaryx Raw objecty fulltext
856	4	u https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1590163/PREVIEW01.jpgx Previewy preview image
856	4 8	u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195945

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