| 1. |
- Sundell, Jonas, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Economic valuation of hydrogeological information when managing groundwater drawdown
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157. ; 27:4, s. 1111-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). A procedure is presented for valuation of information analysis (VOIA) to determine the need for additional information when assessing the effect of several design alternatives to manage future disturbances in hydrogeological systems. When planning for groundwater extraction and drawdown in areas where risks—such as land subsidence, wells running dry and drainage of streams and wetlands—are present, the need for risk-reducing safety measures must be carefully evaluated and managed. The heterogeneity of the subsurface calls for an assessment of trade-offs between the benefits of additional information to reduce the risk of erroneous decisions and the cost of collecting this information. A method is suggested that combines existing procedures for inverse probabilistic groundwater modelling with a novel method for VOIA. The method results in (1) a prior analysis where uncertainties regarding the efficiency of safety measures are estimated, and (2) a pre-posterior analysis, where the benefits of expected uncertainty reduction deriving from additional information are compared with the costs for obtaining this information. In comparison with existing approaches for VOIA, the method can assess multiple design alternatives, use hydrogeological parameters as proxies for failure, and produce spatially distributed VOIA maps. The method is demonstrated for a case study of a planned tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden, where additional investigations produce a low number of benefits as a result of low failure rates for the studied alternatives and a cause-effect chain where the resulting failure probability is more dependent on interactions within the whole system rather than on specific features.
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| 2. |
- Sundell, Jonas, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive risk assessment of groundwater drawdown induced subsidence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3240 .- 1436-3259. ; 33:2, s. 427-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). We present a method for risk assessment of groundwater drawdown induced land subsidence when planning for sub-surface infrastructure. Since groundwater drawdown and related subsidence can occur at large distances from the points of inflow, the large spatial extent often implies heterogeneous geological conditions that cannot be described in complete detail. This calls for estimation of uncertainties in all components of the cause-effect chain with probabilistic methods. In this study, we couple four probabilistic methods into a comprehensive model for economic risk quantification: a geostatistical soil-stratification model, an inverse calibrated groundwater model, an elasto-plastic subsidence model, and a model describing the resulting damages and costs on individual buildings and constructions. Groundwater head measurements, hydraulic tests, statistical analyses of stratification and soil properties and an inventory of buildings are inputs to the models. In the coupled method, different design alternatives for risk reduction measures are evaluated. Integration of probabilities and damage costs result in an economic risk estimate for each alternative. Compared with the risk for a reference alternative, the best prior alternative is identified as the alternative with the highest expected net benefit. The results include spatial probabilistic risk estimates for each alternative where areas with significant risk are distinguished from low-risk areas. The efficiency and usefulness of this modelling approach as a tool for communication to stakeholders, decision support for prioritization of risk reducing measures, and identification of the need for further investigations and monitoring are demonstrated with a case study of a planned railway tunnel in Varberg, Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Dymitrow, Mirek, et al.
(författare)
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Crossing dichotomies and breaking mental patterns: Green business development when all else fails?
- 2017
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Ingår i: 8th International Scientific Conference “Rural Development 2017: Bioeconomy Challenges”, 23–24 November, 2017 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obtaining sustainable and inclusive societal organization is not merely a simple matter of ‘doing it’ by subscribing to some winning formula. Given that conceptual frameworks always guide our thoughts, judgments and actions (Latour, 2013; Harvey, 1996; Dennett, 1993), the ways in which we relate to concepts chosen to serve as guiding forces for future development will eventually determine its outcome. As scholarly evidence continuously suggests the concepts ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ are increasingly recognized as artificial barriers for conducting sound and integrated development endeavors in a globalized reality of interconnectedness. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to eradicate poverty, shield the planet and safeguard prosperity for all, commitment to universal access to healthy food year round has become an important agenda point. This, however, has been exacerbated by binary thinking and separate ways of doing policy. This paper aims to share experiences from a unique project launched in the northern parts of Gothenburg, Sweden’s second largest city. While the area offers ample resources and immense opportunities for areal economies, it at the same time remains one of Gothenburg’s most segregated, with high levels of unemployment, ill health and crime. The uniqueness of the project lies not only in its way of abridging the rural-urban divide, but also by consciously deferring from the debilitating rhetoric of previous ‘immigrant policies’, and instead focusing on agricultural productivity, small-scale food producers and sustainable food strategies. Such exhortations to bridge between philosophical and material polarities, however, have not come without conceptual and practical challenges, something this paper aims to subsume and open up to debate.
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| 4. |
- Brusselaers, Nicolas, 1993-
(författare)
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The impact of off-site construction transport on air quality
- 2023
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- While transport is inevitable in our economy and daily lives, it also engenders negative effects on the society and environment. The effects of air pollution are responsible for more than 364,200 premature deaths in Europe each year. Most urban areas still exceed the NOx and PM WHO air quality guidelines, of which a large share of pollutants is attributable to freight transport. The construction sector forms no exception, as it intrinsically strongly relies on off-site logistics activities, i.e. transports to and from sites. Although construction works lead to an urban economic uptake on the long-haul, the environmental nuisances from construction logistic (CL) activities during the works have so far been overlooked. This thesis focuses on the air quality impact of off-site construction transport, covering four main parts. First, as there is a lack of knowledge within cities on how to set construction transport demands and how to involve actors in these processes, a stakeholder framework is presented. Next, I identify the available and required transport data (and digitization possibilities) to assess the sector’s environmental impact, such as On-Board Units. Secondly, impact assessments were conducted across various construction supply chain implementations, on single-site, city-wide and national level. Hence, a methodological approach to derive construction-related vehicles from Heavy-Goods Vehicle (HGV) traffic based on algorithmic and geospatial analyses is proposed. Results indicate that construction transport represents 26.40% of total HGV traffic in the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR), generating €45,631.85 of external costs per workday, and 17.58% in Belgium (or €1.45mio per day). Subsequently, the framework was deployed to assess the transport performance of the multimodal Brussels Construction Consolidation Centre. The use of this setup can mitigate external costs by up to 59% compared to business-as-usual operations, most notably on congestion and climate change costs. However, improvements are necessary to tackle local emissions, attributable to less performant -yet ubiquitous- vessel engines. Air pollution damage costs also remain high on city level analyses, with CL inflicting €55,123.07 per month (or €2,505.59 per workday) in the BCR. A fortiori, with the growing concern on urban air quality, this raises the question of where, when and by whom the most exposure costs are inflicted. So far, the geo-temporal link between the emitting freight vehicle and its receptor densities was considered static. The third part introduces a dynamic impact-pathway approach, highlighting that PM & NO2 source impacts engender €61.604 of health costs in the BCR each day. Large differences were found on the local level compared to the traditional static approach, indicating that the proposed dynamic methodology should be used for micro-scale analyses (on link, building or neighborhood level). Striking is that vulnerable population segments such as toddlers, school children and elderly, who are more sensible to the effects of air pollution, incur 60.28% of the total health costs, although these segments represent only a quarter of the BCR population. Moreover, a strong overlap was found between the receptor’s presence (in particular children) and peak freight traffic movements. The fourth part investigates the exposure effects when off-site construction transport flows are spatiotemporally rerouted around air pollution hotspots. Although an increase in emissions is observed due to higher travelled distances and slower driving speeds, results show that the inflicted health costs can be mitigated up to 25.53%. Conclusively, this study suggests to decouple policies from absolute transport emissions and focus on the actual health impact, considering the spatiotemporal relationship of both emissions and receptors. Although tailoring a one-size-fits-all construction logistic plan can initially prove to be difficult due to the unique character of each construction site’s supply chain, the conducted studies also show that this individual complexity can be overcome by overall better integrated urban transport planning, and can ultimately lead to significant sustainability benefits.
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| 5. |
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Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (Volume 40)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series (De Gruyter). - 1732-4254 .- 1732-4254. ; 40:40, s. 1-196
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This 40th anniversary issue of BGSS highlights some of the tenets of the complexity that make sustainability a ‘wicked problem’ through a number of different perspectives, many of which have to date been pushed into the background amidst an otherwise exceptionally rich geographical literature on sustainability. The editorial task included procurement, administration and scientific processing of 12 articles from 25 authors as follows: (1) Mirek Dymitrow, Keith Halfacree – “Sustainability–differently”; (2) Slobodan Arsovski, Michał Kwiatkowski, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska, Emilija Sofeska, Mirek Dymitrow – “Can urban environmental problems be overcome? The case of Skopje—world’s most polluted city”; (3) Janis Birkeland – “Challenging policy barriers in sustainable urban design”; (4) Elizabeth Dessie – “Applying resilience thinking to ‘ordinary’ cities: A theoretical inquiry”; (5) Madeleine Eriksson, Aina Tollefsen – “The production of the rural landscape and its labour: The development of supply chain capitalism in the Swedish berry industry”; (6) Stina Hansson – “The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden”; (7) Shelley Kotze – “The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town”; (8) Davide Marino, Luigi Mastronardi, Agostino Giannelli, Vincenzo Giaccio, Giampiero Mazzocchi – “Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks”; (9) E. Gunilla Almered Olsson – “Urban food systems as vehicles for sustainability transitions”; (10) George Mark Onyango – “Urban public transport in informal settlements: Experiences from Kisumu City, Kenya”; (11) Christian M. Rogerson – “Informality and migrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town’s inner city”; (12) Marcin Wójcik, Karolina Dmochowska-Dudek, Pamela Jeziorska-Biel, Paulina Tobiasz-Lis – “Understanding strategies for overcoming peripherality: A Polish experience of transition”. The articles have been reviewed by a cadre of 40 reviewers from 34 academic institutions across 14 countries.
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| 6. |
- Stenis, Jan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Flow analysis and economic modelling theory
- 2018
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Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM 2018. - Sofia : International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. - 9786197408485 ; , s. 389-394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows how material and immaterial flows can be analysed. The basis for the analysis is the equality principle and its mathematical expression the EUROPE model (the model for Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy) which creates economic incentives to improve nature, advance the technological standard and increase profits. Particularly, the flows of cargo transportation, mega city supplies, long distance water transportation and various substance flows are described. The theoretical findings show viability for in general improving material and immaterial flows as well as the economy, the technological standard and the living conditions in the geographical regions in question. It is concluded that The EUROPE model based on the equality principle is in theory applicable on transportation policy issues, supplies to major cities, long distance water supply and important substance flows. In general, it is recommended to apply the EUROPE model when undertaking projects involving: transportation, mega city supply; transportation of water over long distances, and; flows of various substances.
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| 7. |
- Belin, Matts-Åke, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Vision Zero : a road safety policy innovation
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-7319 .- 1745-7300. ; 19:2, s. 171-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Praetorius, Gesa, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience and complexity in a maritime service supply chain's everyday operation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Service Supply Chain Systems. - London : CRC Press. - 9781138028296 - 9781315682143 ; , s. 121-137
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maritime transport system is one of the major means for transporting goods as safely, efficiently and environmentally friendly as possible. In this system, ports rep-resent hubs connecting maritime to other transport modes such as railway, road and aviation. Therefore ports and their services can be considered as critical bottlenecks where operations need to be sustained in a large variety of operating conditions. This chapter presents an analysis of the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), a maritime shore-based information service which is part of a port’s infrastructure. VTS is a key service in guar-anteeing safe, fluent and efficient traffic flows in and out of a port, therefore making it a crucial part of a port’s ability to provide a constant service performance despite the large uncertainties that are inherent to maritime operations. Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is used to build a functional model of the VTS to analyse the system design and its impact on the service supply chain’s ability to operate in a resilient manner, i.e. being able to sustain required operations prior, during and after disturbances or changes of operating conditions. While the chapter focuses on the mar-itime domain, it also provides an example on how a function-based approach can be used to understand and design service supply chains with a focus on how they achieve successful adaption to the large variety of operating conditions.
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| 9. |
- Belitz-Hellwich, Wiebke
(författare)
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An Ontology-Based Platform for Information Integration : Supporting Sustainable Smart Transportation Infrastructure
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transportation and transportation infrastructure are major contributors to global emissions. Even though most of these emissions can be attributed to fuel consumption of vehicles, some of it is due to pavement construction and maintenance. Improving the condition and extending the life span of transportation infrastructure is an integral part to helping reduce infrastructure related emissions. A better understanding of mutual effect of traffic and infrastructure condition is needed to reach this goal. In this thesis the aim is to synchronize logistics operations and pavement condition in a port environment. For this purpose, a logistics simulation model and a Finite Element (FE) model are connected through a system of ontologies, that facilitate information exchange between the models. The suggested approach consists of two connected ontologies (one for logistics operations and one for pavements), interfaces between the models and the ontologies, as well as an application that runs the exchange. Additionally, performance tests have been carried out to judge the impact of the integration on run time of the individual applications.
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| 10. |
- Cano-Viktorsson, Carlos, 1977-
(författare)
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From Maps to Apps : Tracing the Organizational Responsiveness of an Early Multi-Modal Travel Planning Service
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of urban technology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1063-0732 .- 1466-1853. ; 22:4, s. 87-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An Internet-based system for informing on multimodal travel planning (several modes of transportation) was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden in October 2000 in the form of a web page called trafiken.nu. The web page has a historical value of being one of the first attempts in Europe, and possibly the world, at providing an ICT-based travel planning service geared towards facilitating sustainable travel to the general public. The aim of this article is to investigate the historical development of trafiken.nu in order to draw lessons on how to better provide for a public information service with a potential for facilitating sustainable travel planning. Findings from the study of trafiken.nu suggest that the organizations behind the service have been slow in adapting to shifting media technology practices on how to provide for information which has affected the uptake of the service. Lessons from the case study provide a basis for arguing that organizations attempting to implement public information services would benefit from finding a means of harnessing collective intelligence in order to provide for a more customizable and responsive service to the general public.
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