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- Lantz-Andersson, Annika, 1961
(författare)
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Framing in educational practices: Learning activity, digital technology and the logic of situated action
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An overarching ambition of this thesis is to study the in situ practices that emerge when technology becomes part of educational activities and, in addition, to examine what students’ definition of such activities will be. By analysing students’ concrete uses of digital technology in regular classroom practices, the study intends to demystify how digital technology codetermines activities in educational settings. A background of this interest is that there are many different claims in the literature and in the public debate regarding what learning will be like when such tools are used. Accordingly, the use of digital technologies is in this thesis studied from the perspective of student activities and rationalities. Analytically, this is done within a sociocultural perspective and, in addition, with the help of the conceptual distinctions of frame analysis. Empirical material have been collected via video recordings of secondary school students’ engaging in solving word problems in mathematics presented by means of educational software. The analyses aim at scrutinizing what the presence of educational software in mathematics implies for the students’ learning practices in situations when they encounter some kind of difficulty in their problem solving. The results, presented in three studies, show that for long periods of time the students’ interaction involved not only the contents but also different functionalities and design qualities of the digital technology. The findings in this study thus point to the need to question the alleged benefits that surround the implementation of digital technologies. According to the empirical findings in the three studies presented in this thesis, along with knowledge from previous research, digital technology cannot be said to improve learning in any linear sense. Instead, educational activities involving the use of digital technologies imply a different way of learning with new possibilities and new problems; a different pedagogical situation and a different relation between the students and the contents.
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- Nilsson, Johanna, 1961
(författare)
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Ageing and Conservation of Silk. Evaluation of Three Support Methods Using Artificially Aged Silk
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to evaluate common remedial conservation support methods used in the conservation treatments of fragile silk costumes that have experienced physical damage. It is based on five papers. Paper I surveyed the methods textile conservators use to conserve historic textile costumes and their cri¬teria for a successful intervention. It also investigated artificial ageing of modern silk and wool fabrics with exposure to ultraviolet radiation to create material for laboratory-based experimental research. Furthermore, it evaluated mechanical methods to imitate natural wear in silk and wool fabrics, to simulate the handling of con¬served costumes, and to find a method to evaluate the effect of the conservation methods. The most common conservation method conservators reported using was to insert a support fabric between the outer fabric and the lining of a costume, which was then sewn on by the couching method over the outer fabric. The most important criterion for a successful conservation was aesthetical appeal. Abrasion by Nu-Martindale and tensile testing were found promising to use to achieve natural accelerated wear and to evaluate conservation methods. Paper II aimed at finding an optimal acceler¬ated ageing protocol to simulate the nature and degree of degradation found in naturally aged seventeenth century silk fabric in order to pro¬duce surrogates for experimental research. Tensile tests, Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), were investigated as methods for evaluating the results. Four environmental parameters were tested: relative humidity (RH), acidity (pH), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and thermo-oxidation. For Paper III, further investigations were carried out to establish analytical markers for aged silk by additional analytical methods. The investigations were successfully complemented and verified using amino acid analysis, and measurement of pH and brightness. In both Papers II and III it was established that thermo-oxidation at 125ºC was the most suitable ageing method. In Paper IV two types of experimental damage on silk surrogates were conserved with three different methods: brick couching, laid couching, and crepeline. The conserved surrogates were further subjected to accelerated wear by using a combination of washing and tumbling, followed by tensile testing. The three interventions increased the surrogates’ strength from three to more than five times. Surrogates with a tear conserved with laid or brick couching were the least affected by wear; and, after the conservation was removed, the abraded surrogates conserved with crepeline were stronger than those conserved with the other two methods. Paper V explored the factors that determine aesthetic quality of conservation interventions. The study, based upon examinations performed by Swedish textile conservators, resulted in two factors coherence and completeness, that describe aesthetic quality.
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- Zangenehpour, Fereshteh, 1946
(författare)
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Sufism and the Quest for Spiritual Fulfilment in D. H. Lawrence's "The Rainbow"
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a study of Lawrence's religious concerns and focuses on how they took shape in his writing. Attention is primarily given to Lawrence as a mystical writer and the degree to which this distinction becomes evident in his novel, The Rainbow. Moreover, critical attention to the characters of The Rainbow offers illustrations of mystical experiences and an individual spiritual growth. In this context, Lawrence's well-established interest in ancient religions is linked to Sufism, particularly the beliefs of the Eastern School of Sufism and how these beliefs were given expression in Persian poetry. The thesis argues that Lawrence's text is informed by a cosmic sensibility which in many ways is similar to the sacred cosmology of Sufism. Likewise, Lawrence's aesthetic expression of physical and spiritual unity coincides with Sufism's amalgamation of immanent and the transcendental aspects of life into an all inclusive Oneness. In addition to the various Sufi concepts which are introduced and implemented in analyzing The Rainbow, the symbol of the Phoenix is of particular significance regarding spiritual regeneration. A number of Persian poems, especially those of Hafez and Rumi, are also employed in order to further clarify some of the more enigmatic concepts in Sufism. The Introduction of this thesis presents a study of Lawrence's inherited knowledge of ancient Persian religions and Sufism, and suggests that this knowledge helped shape his literary vision. In the subsequent chapters, the inner development of characters in The Rainbow is discussed, and it is argued that their search for inner fulfilment resembles the paths a Sufi takes in the quest for the Absolute.
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