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- Rydén, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
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Carotenoid levels in plasma : can dietary intake and inflammation explain variability?
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Low plasma levels of carotenoids and low dietary intake of carotenoids are both linked to increased cardiovascular risk. The supply of carotenoids depends on dietary sources. However, it has also been shown that inflammation may have major influence on plasma carotenoids. The aim of this study was to examine the association of plasma carotenoids with dietary intake of carotenoids and a panel of inflammatory markers including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9.Methods: A population-based cohort consisting of 285 Swedish men and women (45-69 years) was studied. Fruit and vegetable consumption was estimated from a validated 92-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, myeloperoxidase and MMP-9 were determined as were plasma concentrations of 5 major carotenoids: lutein, β-crypthoxanthine, lycopen, α-carotene and β-carotene.Result: Lower plasma levels of lipid-adjusted carotenoids (low vs top tertile) were significantly associated with higher age, male sex, higher body mass index (BMI), higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher IL-6 and MMP-9 levels and lower intake of carotenoid-rich food. Low dietary intake of carotenoids was related to male sex, smoking and low plasma carotenoids. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, dietary intake, IL-6 and MMP-9, plasma carotenoids remained associated with age (Beta= -0.17, p<0.01), sex (Beta=0.19, p<0.01), BMI (Beta= -0.19, p<0.01), dietary intake (Beta=0.21, p<0.01) and MMP-9 (Beta= -0.13, p<0.05). However, these associations differed among individual carotenoids, e.g. the correlation to MMP-9 was restricted to α-carotene (Beta= -0.13, p<0.05) and the correlation to sex was restricted to α-carotene (Beta=0.23, p<0.001) and β-carotene (Beta=0.18, p<0.01).Conclusion: In this population-based study, plasma carotenoids reflected dietary intake of carotenoids but to a minor extent. Also, levels of inflammatory markers explained very little of the variability in plasma carotenoids. Instead, age, sex and BMI independently influenced the levels of carotenoids. In cardiovascular risk management, we need to better understand the potential determinants of carotenoid levels in plasma.
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| 2. |
- Rydén, Mireille, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of simvastatin on carotenoid status in plasma
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and immunomodulators mainly transported in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. It is well known that low plasma carotenoids are associated with cardiovascular disease incidence. We investigated whether simvastatin altered the carotenoid status in plasma.Methods: A randomized double-blind study design was used. Eighty volunteers with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia received either simvastatin 40 mg or placebo for 6 weeks. Lipids, inflammatory markers, oxygenated carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin) and hydrocarbon carotenoids (alphacarotene, beta-carotene and lycopene) were measured in plasma.Results: After simvastatin therapy, total cholesterol, LDL, apolipoprotein B (apo B), oxidized LDL and C-reactive protein were significantly reduced. Simvastatin therapy also resulted in significantly reduced plasma levels of all crude major carotenoids. However, after adjustment for total cholesterol, LDL or apo B, all carotenoids except beta-cryptoxanthin increased during statin therapy (see Table). The carotenoids were inversely correlated with inflammatory markers but these correlations were abolished during simvastatin therapy.Conclusions: The increase in lipid-adjusted levels of carotenoids during simvastatin therapy suggest that lipoproteins had become enriched with carotenoids. The data highlight the risk to misinterpret the carotenoid status in individuals with statin therapy if relying on absolute plasma levels.
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