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Bara naturlig försurning : underlagsrapport till den fördjupade utvärderingen av miljömålen 2019
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bara naturlig försurning är ett av de 16 miljökvalitetsmål som ska visa vägen till ett hållbart samhälle. Miljökvalitetsmålen är antagna av riksdagen och ska fungera som riktlinjer för det konkreta miljöarbetet. Rapporten för Bara naturlig försurning utgör underlag till Naturvårdsverkets fördjupade utvärdering av miljökvalitetsmålen. Innehållet beskriver försurningens tillstånd idag och prognoser för den fortsatta utvecklingen. Vidare analyseras styrmedel och framtida prognoser. Nationella och internationella åtgärder inom området diskuteras – vilka åtgärder som genomförts och vilka ytterligare insatser och forskningsområden som behövs för att miljökvalitetsmålet ska uppnås. Miljökvalitetsmålet är inte uppnått, bedömningen är att målet inte kommer att nås med befintliga och beslutade styrmedel. Enligt prognoserna kommer cirka 10 procent av sjöarealen i Sverige ha nedfallsmängder som överskrider den kritiska belastningen för försurning och cirka sju procent av antalet sjöar beräknas vara fortsatt försurade efter 2020. För att påverka miljömålet positivt bör Sverige aktivt fortsätta med det internationella arbetet med att minska utsläpp av försurande ämnen, framförallt utsläpp av kväve. I vissa delar av landet påverkar skogsbruket markens försurningstillstånd negativt. Fortsatt forskning och bättre underlag behövs för att på ett mer tillförlitligt sätt utvärdera skogens försurande påverkan. Rapporten är ett av underlagen till den samlade slutrapport om arbetet med att nå miljömålen som Naturvårdsverket redovisade till regeringen i januari 2019.
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- Alexandersson, Henrik, 1975
(författare)
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Medeltiden materialiserad – om etablerandet, aktiverandet och bevarandet av minnesplatser i Ranrike
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis revolves around medieval material culture and the way it has been activated, circulated and used in arrangement and creation of memories in a long-term perspective. Focus is on medieval churches, church sites and the furnishings of churches in Ranrike, which is the medieval name of the northern parts of the province of Bohuslän on the west coast of Sweden. The following questions are central to the study: Where has the medieval material culture been located over time, and how and when is it activated and rearranged? Based on material culture, the purpose is to investigate and problematise the formation and maintaining of a culture of memories. The theoretical perspective of the thesis involves a discussion and problematising of the creation and maintaining of places for memories, which may, as shown in the study, be of a temporary or long-term nature. The methodology can be characterised as a close-up study of materiality, text, pictures, landscape and places. Particular emphasis is directed towards archives as depots of memories and communicators of knowledge about material conditions. Several layers of time, activation and movement can be revealed by following the material culture in different categories of sources. The Middle Ages materialise not only physically in various forms of spatiality but also through the information of the written material. Further, the conditions for collecting know-ledge are considered, as well as the standard of documentation and archiving. The three first case-studies of the thesis deal with the places of the local community and their religious, political, economic, social and cultural functions. The two final case studies are thematic. The first focuses on abandoned churches, memory and forgetting, and the other discusses the exhibition of ancient church art at the Gothenburg tricentennial Jubilee Exhibition in 1923. The study shows that it is difficult to tie an artefact to a specific placement, site or time. Objects change direction, meaning and significance over time. A particular object may have had a broad range of simultaneous meanings at the same point in time. Activation and circulation of the creation of memories has been uncovered at a local, regional and national level. The preserved medieval material culture of Ranrike is greatly varied, even though the major part of it has disappeared. Items and memories stretch out in time, but get a foothold and materialise in different places, in diverse forms of spatiality and in various categories of source material. The concept of the Middle Ages is loaded, and each period produces, arranges and maintains its own ideas of the Middle Ages.
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- Andersson, Anna-Carin, 1962
(författare)
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Bourdieu och Arkeologi. Struktur och praxis bland gropkeramiker på Västerbjers, Gotland
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With point of departure in three main objectives the purpose of the thesis is to examine the potential of the reasoning and concepts of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) in an analysis of an archaeological material. Earlier attempts to use his reasoning in archaeology have not in a sufficient way considered the complexity of these reasoning. The thesis presents an attempt to adapt and convey these reasoning to enable an archaeological analysis and interpretations about social structure and practice of the Middle-Neolithic Pitted Ware Culture (PWC) as these matters comes to expression within the burial site at Västerbjers, Gothem parish, Gotland. By examining the potential and the sustainability of Bourdieu’s epistemology and theoretical concepts on an archaeological material, the aim of the thesis is on a specific level to achieve a developed knowledge and understanding of the structure and practices such as these may have been constituted at the PWC site of Västerbjers, Gotland. . On a general level, the aim of this study is to contribute to a development of the methodological resources of the archaeological discipline. The results are presented in a summarizing compilation of the compositions of symbolic capital of how individuals group together in different sectors of practice, and how these individuals relate to the general group structure among people of Västerbjers. It is concluded that: Bourdieu’s reasoning, when they are adapted to fit the archaeological context, enables an achievement of qualified understanding concerning society, groups and individual identity and thereby a possibility to visualize intangible, immaterial relationships. This kind of implementation of an adjustment of Bourdieu’s concepts on an archaeological material constitutes a pilot study. The argumentation in this thesis therefore has a more discursive and reflexive character, as no earlier methodological model have been available that could be applied. The outline of the thesis is divided into six parts (part I – VI) with an English summary.
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- Artursson, Magnus, 1960
(författare)
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Bebyggelse och samhällsstruktur. Södra och mellersta Skandinavien under senneolitikum och bronsålder 2300-500 f. Kr.
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main focus of this thesis is a comparative study of the structure and organisation of Late Neolithic and Bronze Age (2300-500 BC) settlements across the southern and middle part of Scandinavia. Variation in size and associations of long-houses and farmsteads are used to analyse economic, social and political complexity. The materials and energy invested in residential housing and in the complexity of the farmsteads illustrate the social stratification and centrality of different regional societies. Settlements range from single farmsteads to hamlets and small villages, and form networks of community structures. The internal organisation of these different settlements is used to discuss the economic specialization and social stratification that formed the basis for polities in the form of chiefdoms of different size and complexity. The existing model is based on the presumed existence of a “standard” long-house and farmstead in combination with a simple and one-dimensional model for how farmsteads and settlements were structured and organized. This model must now be considered inadequate, especially when compared with models based on burials and offerings for how society was organised. Early Bronze Age (1700-1100 BC) society has traditionally been considered stratified and relatively complex, based on small and medium-sized chiefdoms, while the level of stratification during the Late Neolithic (2300-1700 BC) and Late Bronze Age (1100-500 BC) has been under considerable debate. However, recent research based on a number of large-scale studies has shown that the transformation of society towards a more stratified organisation started already in the beginning of the Late Neolithic, and that the level of stratification increased gradually over time. Therefore, the existing model for farmsteads and settlements need to be re-evaluated, as it does not match the expected structure and organisation in a stratified and relatively complex society. Based on a revision of old material and studies of settlements recently excavated, and a comparative study of several hundred long-houses where 14C-dates from the individual buildings play a crucial role for establishing a typology and chronology for southern and middle Scandinavia, it has been possible to show that there has been a clear variation in size of contemporary long-houses and farmsteads. The range in variation changes over time, but according to comparative historical and anthropological studies this variation must be interpreted as a clear sign of social stratification during the whole time period. The degree of variation seems to have been closely connected to the availability of important natural resources and the centrality in the long-distance networks of the different regions in southern and middle Scandinavia. A greater variation in settlement structure and organisation is also apparent. By analysing the 14C-dates, stratigraphy and alignment of long-houses in large, multi-phased settlements, it has been possible to show that a greater complexity existed in the structure and organisation of farmsteads. The range in variation, from isolated to clustered farmsteads, hamlets and small villages, seems to have the same connection to important natural resources and centrality as the range in size of long-houses and farmsteads. The new view presented in the thesis on how farmsteads and settlements were organized has several similarities with a centreperiphery model, both in a regional and intraregional perspective. It supports a hierarchical interpretation of society during the whole time period, based on chiefdoms controlling the distribution of prestige goods. Keywords: long-house, farmstead, settlement, hamlet, village, Late Neolithic, Bronze Age, Scandinavia, Skåne, neo-marxism, structural marxism, chiefdom, hierarchy, heterarchy, centre-periphery model, prestige goods, aggrandizer, entrepreneur, house-based society, corporate group, long-distance contacts
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- Aslaksen, Ole Christian, 1982
(författare)
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Global and local in late bronze age central Macedonia. Economy, mobility and identity
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What impact did expanding Bronze Age networks have on regions located between the great centers in the period 1700-1100 BC? Where the Aegean meets the Balkans, Central Macedonia lies between well-known cultures connected by veins of communication such as the Axios River. In this doctoral dissertation the impact of increased communication is investigated through a new synthesis of artifacts, landscapes and settlement materials from Central Macedonia. The impacts are discussed in a framework of mobility, political economy and identity. In chapter 2 the study is contextualized in the research history of Central Macedonia, while a theoretical and methodological framework is presented in chapter 3 focusing on mobility, political economy and identity. In chapter 4, a sketch of the “Bronze Age World” characterized by stable networks is presented. With a strong resource base and a location within routes of communication, Central Macedonia could have joined these networks. I discuss this along with “mobility attesting” objects in chapter 5, where I also address the travelers. In chapter 6 I look at landscape relations and the formation of political structures within which resources could be mobilized to participate in the Bronze Age. In chapter 7 a contextual analysis of the largest category of mobility attesting objects, decorated pottery, is pursued to address possible users. In chapter 8-12 decoration techniques and motifs are discussed to understand the pottery’s role in formation of identities. The heterogeneity of the tell assemblages could represent a diversity which defies the old notion of “hermetic” cultures, mobility rooms, or peer polity-like areas where the intraregional relations are given primacy over the inter-regional. Herein lays the significance of Central Macedonia for the understanding of the Bronze Age: giving a glimpse of a prehistoric multi-ethnic region with capable political formations. In this region it is suggested that access to “international” types of decorated pottery were used to connect travelers and locals at tells to dwellers of different communities. At the same time, the use of decorative techniques and motifs were used strategically to separate dwellers of different polities, and at a higher level between ethnic like groups between the Nestos and the Aliakmon.
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