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- Böhlmark, Anders, 1973-
(författare)
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School Reform, Educational Achievement and Lifetime Income : Essays in Empirical Labor Economics
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Impact of School Choice on Pupil Achievement, Segregation and Costs: Swedish Evidence. This paper evaluates school choice at the compulsory school level. We estimate the impact of an increased enrolment in private schools on average achievement using within-municipality variation over time. We find positive effects, shown to be the sum of a (small) private school attendance effect and a competition effect. We also find effects on segregation and costs.Age at Immigration and School Performance: A Siblings Analysis Using Swedish Register Data. This paper analyzes the role of age at immigration for the school performance gap between native and immigrant pupils by exploiting within-family variation. The critical age is about nine, above which there is a strong negative impact on performance. The results are similar for boys and girls, but vary by region of origin. A comparison of sibling-difference and cross-sectional estimates reveals striking similarities. Integration of Childhood Immigrants in the Short and in the Long Run: Swedish Evidence. I study childhood immigrants at different stages in life in order to examine the role of age at immigration for educational and labor market outcomes. I find that childhood immigrants tend later to recover strongly in terms of educational achievement. Yet, the same individuals are on average found to be poorly integrated into the labor market. Life-Cycle Variations in the Association between Current and Lifetime Income: Replication and Extension for Sweden. We apply a generalized errors-in-variables model, recently developed by Steven Haider and Gary Solon, in order to produce estimates of the association between current and lifetime income. We find strong life-cycle patterns. This implies that the widespread use of current income as a proxy for lifetime income leads to inconsistent estimates even when the proxy is used as the dependent variable. We find country similarities, but gender and cohort differences.
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| 2. |
- Nermo, Magnus
(författare)
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Structured by gender : patterns of sex segregation in the Swedish labour market : historical and cross-national comparisons
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to study changes in the level of sex segregation in the Swedish labour market during the 20th century.The thesis includes four empirical chapters. Chapter 2 studies trends in sex segregation by industry and market position in the Swedish labour market between 1890 and 1990. The analyses demonstrate that the Swedish labour market has in overall terms become relatively less sex segregated, both by industry and by market position, since the turn of the century. Chapter 3 focuses on changes in the level of sex segregation in the Swedish labour market since the late 1960s. However, unlike the previous chapter, the data used here is on a more detailed occupational level.Chapter 4 focuses, unlike the above chapters, on the supply side of female labour force participation and allocation. The aim is to examine why young women end up in male-dominated or sex-integrated occupations rather than female-dominated ones with regard to their upbringing, their educational attainment, and family responsibility.Chapter 5 is a comparative analysis of cross-national variation in sex segregation. The results indicate that, given differences in sex composition and occupational structure, the countries studied here produce fairly similar segregation profiles that are markedly structured by gender. The thesis is concluded by a discussion of how to interpret the principal findings in terms of stability or change over time, as well as in terms of similarity and variability between countries
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Olle, 1958-
(författare)
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Den ojämlika ohälsan : om klass- och könsskillnader i sjuklighet
- 1990
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study addresses the question of inequalities in health between social classes and betweenmen and women. The purpose of the study is threefold, namely 1) to map class and sex differencesin illnes in Sweden, 2) to seek an explanation for class differences in health and 3) toseek an explanation for sex differences in health. The analyses are mainly performed on datafrom the Swedish Level of Living surveys which were conducted in 1968, 1974 and 1981.The second chapter has a descriptive focus, where the purpose is to show the magnitude ofclass and sex differences in illness and mortality in Sweden. The conclusion of the literaturereviews and the analyses undertaken is that social class and sex differences in illness persist inSweden, although class inequalities in health tend to be smaller than in other comparablecountries.In Chapter Three the question of health-related social mobility as an explanation for classdifferences in illness is analysed. Two types of health-related social mobility are distinguished,namely direct and indirect health-related mobility. The analyses show that although healthrelatedsocial mobility may contribute to class differences in health, other factors are moreimportant for the persisting class gradient in illness.In Chapter Four, several possible causal factors behind class inequalities in health are considered.These are economic problems during upbringing, economic resources, physical workingconditions, psychological working conditions, weak social network, and health-relatedbehaviours (alcohol and tobacco consumption). The analyses, conducted on both cross-sectionaland longitudinal data, point to physical working conditions as a major cause behindclass differences in physical illness, and as a not unimportant factor behind class differencesin mental health problems as well. Conditions during childhood and alcohol and tobacco consumptionalso appear to be of some importance for the production of class inequalities inhealth. On the other hand, class differences in psychological working conditions, measuredas work stress and job decision latitude, seem to diminish rather than increase class differencesin illness, especially mental illness.Chapter Five addresses the question of possible mechanisms behind the female excess ofillness. Two factors are drawn from the present theoretical debate to be tested, namely responsibilityfor everyday household work and societal integration. Although fairly brief andexploratory in nature, the analyses quite clearly point to the combination of household workand social integration as a crucial factor for the understanding of sex differences in health.Finally, the implications for public health policy of the results produced in the study arediscussed. It is argued that class differences in health provide a major potential for publichealth improvement, by reducing health risks for those in the least healthy categories. Furthermore,the analyses undertaken in this study quite clearly point to class differences in physicalworking conditions as the most important factor to change if one wants to achieve a reductionof illness risks for those most exposed. The importance of class differences in childhoodconditions are also highlighted as a crucial factor for subsequent health inequalities.
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| 5. |
- Ahrsjö, ulah0325, et al.
(författare)
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Identity in Court Decision-Making*
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decisionmaking.Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicatorsfor randomly assigned jurors and defendants in a Swedish court. Our results showthat defendants are 15 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if they and the jurorsbelong to the same identity-forming groups. Socioeconomic background and demographicattributes are at least as important, and combining several identities producesstronger e ects.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Almquist, Ylva B., et al.
(författare)
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Childhood Peer Status and the Clustering of Adverse Living Conditions in Adulthood
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the context of the school class, children attain a social position in the peer hierarchy to which varying amounts of status are attached. Several studies have shown that children’s peer status is associated with a wide range of social and health-related outcomes. These studies commonly target separate outcomes, paying little attention to the fact that such circumstances are likely to go hand in hand. The overarching aim of the present study was therefore to examine the impact of childhood peer status on the clustering of living conditions in adulthood. Based on a 1953 cohort born in Stockholm, Sweden, multinomial regression analysis demonstrated that children who had lower peer status also had exceedingly high risks of ending up in more problem-burdened clusters as adults. Moreover, these associations remained after adjusting for a variety of family-related circumstances. We conclude that peer status constitutes a central aspect of children’s upbringing with important consequences for subsequent life chances, over and above the influences originating from the family.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1985-
(författare)
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Essays on Family Dynamics : Partnering, Fertility and Divorce in Sweden
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diversity in household and family structures poses interesting questions for scientific inquiry. What accounts for patterns of reproduction, partnering, household formation and household dissolution? This dissertation investigates facets of this question in the context of modern Sweden from a longitudinal and individual level perspective. It consists of three empirical studies using data from administrative registers and panel survey data. The first study begins with noting a rapid expansion in online education and analyzes whether this development leads to higher fertility in student populations. The second study asks whether individuals’ predispositions towards divorce change after exposure to the experience of parenthood, union formation and union dissolution. The third study builds on the literature on assortative mating and investigates what drives underlying preferences for this behavior.
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