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Nordiska Lokalsamhällen i möte med globaliseringen 1950–2010
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den 8–10 oktober 2012 stod Stads- och kommunhistoriska institutet värd för det tolfte nordiska lokalhistoriska seminariet. Temat denna gång var Nordiska lokalsamhällen i möte med globaliseringen 1950–2010. I den här boken ingår åtta av de föredrag som presenterades på seminariet. Tillsammans täcker de ett spektrum av områden som på olika sätt berörts av globaliseringen och övergången till ett postindustriellt samhälle. Bidragen kommer från Sverige, Norge, Danmark och Finland och ger en uppfattning om några samhälleliga processer som under de senaste 50–60 åren påverkat livet i städer, tätorter och andra lokalsamhällen i Norden. Samtidigt har orterna själva interagerat och genom egna beslut varit med och påverkat bland annat globaliseringen, avindustrialiseringen och övergången mot postindustrialism.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Mats, 1970-
(författare)
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Massans röst : Upplopp och gatubråk i Stockholm 1719–1848
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis examines riots and street violence in Stockholm between 1719 and 1848. By studying open conflicts, the thesis explores changes in societal power structures which otherwise are hidden. The study shows how these levels of power and conflict structures interacted with one another and thereby contributed to the social development during the period; from a patriarchal society of privilege to a society based on a democratic view of the world. The thesis focuses on three collective actors; the people, the authorities and the press.The investigation of the people in the crowds shows that the military element, as well as the lower strata of labourers and servants, was significant in the early events. However, in later phases, middle class groupings such as burghers and civil servants, dominated the masses. These changes in the social composition of the crowds are tightly connected to a similar change in the aims of the riots; from local issues to national policy matters.Tactics of the authorities in their encounter with street disturbances also changed during the period, from passive observation by the police in the 18th century to an active military confrontational approach in the 19th century. The legal base was however strong throughout the period. The parties attached great importance to court proceedings, and knowledge of the legal system was surprisingly good among the common people.During the second half of the period, the press became firmly established. At the turn of the century 1800, there were two short glimpses of free press in connection to the political turbulence in 1792 and 1809. But it was mainly from the 1830's that the newspaper editors became significant actors in the riots. The popular demands for international news and politics gradually grew stronger during the period. A bottom-up perspective thus shows that popular political involvement in a significant way helped to pave the way for the coming breakthrough of democracy.
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| 3. |
- Deland, Mats, 1961-
(författare)
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The Social City : Middle-way approaches to housing and sub-urban golvernmentality in southern Stockholm, 1900-1945
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with the period bridging the era of extreme housing shortages in Stockholm on the eve of industrialisation and the much admired programmes of housing provision that followed after the second world war, when Stockholm district Vällingby became an example for underground railway-serviced ”new towns”. It is argued that important changes were made in the housing and town planning policy in Stockholm in this period that paved the way for the successful ensuing period. Foremost among these changes was the uniquely developed practice of municipal leaseholding with the help of site leasehold rights (Erbbaurecht).The study is informed by recent developments in Foucauldian social research, which go under the heading ’governmentality’. Developments within urban planning are understood as different solutions to the problem of urban order. To a large extent, urban and housing policies changed during the period from direct interventions into the lives of inhabitants connected to a liberal understanding of housing provision, to the building of a disciplinary city, and the conduct of ’governmental’ power, building on increased activity on behalf of the local state to provide housing and the integration and co-operation of large collectives. Municipal leaseholding was a fundamental means for the implementation of this policy.When the new policies were introduced, they were limited to the outer parts of the city and administered by special administrative bodies. This administrative and spatial separation was largely upheld throughout the period, and represented as the parallel building of a ’social’ outer city, while things in the inner ’mercantile’ city proceeded more or less as before. This separation was founded in a radical difference in land holding policy: while sites in the inner city were privatised and sold at market values, land in the outer city was mostly leasehold land, distributed according to administrative – and thus politically decided – priorities.These differences were also understood and acknowledged by the inhabitants. Thorough studies of the local press and the organisational life of the southern parts of the outer city reveals that the local identity was tightly connected with the representations connected to the different land holding systems. Inhabitants in the south-western parts of the city, which in this period was still largely built on private sites, displayed a spatial understanding built on the contradictions between centre and periphery. The inhabitants living on leaseholding sites, however, showed a clear understanding of their position as members of model communities, tightly connected to the policy of the municipal administration. The organisations on leaseholding sites also displayed a deep co-operation with the administration. As the analyses of election results show, the inhabitants also seemed to have felt a greater degree of integration with the society at large, than people living in other parts of the city. The leaseholding system in Stockholm has persisted until today and has been one of the strongest in the world, although the local neo-liberal politicians are currently disposing it off.
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| 5. |
- Hayen, Mats, 1968-
(författare)
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Stadens puls : En tidsgeografisk studie av hushåll och vardagsliv i Stockholm, 1760-1830
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study addresses the question of change in household structure and the reproduction of “life from day to day”. It is based on structuration theory, time-geography and Allan Pred’s theory of place as historically contingent process. Large households are viewed as tokens of the early modern era, and the appearance of small households can therefore be seen as signs of modernisation. But the decline in size of the average household was not dramatic, it went from 3.53 people per household in 1760 to 3.31 people in 1830. By the composition of different occupational groups in the city in 1760 and 1830, it is evident that the decline of the textile industry, the low activity in the building trades and the decrease of residential sailors – and the subsequent rise of petty trade and traditional handicrafts – gave a strong influx of traditional elements to the evolution of the household. In contrast to this there were a number of “new” or more modern elements that can be seen as precursors to the structure of daily life in the modern era. One of these was a rising number of households which were small and headed by people who earlier in history would have been household members – and not heads of households. The structure of daily life and its reproduction from day-to-day is also analysed in the study. This pattern was both affected by certain changes in the overall household structure, and by two phenomena that directly had an impact on the recreation of life from day to day. The first of these was the “food money”, a substitution of money for the right to food in the employers house, and the second was a move from the right to lodgings in the employers’ home to the need of living quarters elsewhere. Both of these phenomena acted on the “structure of daily life”, and helped to alter the focus of daily life, that is to turn it away from the productive households and put more attention on the streets and on the households that only served as reproductive units.
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- Håkanson, Sigrid, 1929-
(författare)
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"-då skall han taga henne till äkta-" : oäkta födslar, äktenskapsmarknad och giftermålssystem i Östsverige och Västsverige 1750-1850
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Already around 1750 the illegitimacy ratio was slightly higher in the countryside of Eastern Sweden than that of Western Sweden. The differences between the two regions started to grow around the turn of the century (1800). The slight increase in illegitimacy in Western Sweden was mostly due to the growing number of unmarried young men and women in the population, whereas in Eastern Sweden it became more and more common that women gave birth to their first child without being legally married.According to the marriage section of the Law of 1734 there was just one way of getting lawfully wedded. The law declared that the marriage act (vigseln) should constitute the marriage. But people in both regions lived in accordance with the popular norm which allowed future married couples to start their matrimonial life before the wedding. So, during the investigated period it became more and more common that couples just used the marriage act to legalize their relationship when they already were expecting their first child.The concentration of land and capital to a fewer number of owners which occurred in Eastern Sweden, also brought about a growing landless proletariat for whom in had become possible to marry without any access to land. The uncertain economic situation of the landless young people caused interrupted marriage plans and illegitimate births. In Western Sweden the development was characterized by decentralisation and by the division of big holdings. Marriages could not be decided upon until the economic basis for the new households had been created. Once this problem was solved the matrimonial life could start. Pregnant brides were the result, but seldom illegitimate births.
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| 7. |
- Jorde, Tine Susanne
(författare)
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Stockholms tjenestepiker under industrialiseringen : tjenestepikeyrkets funksjon i individets livsløp og i en ekspanderende storby
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to analyse changes in Swedish society during the industrial era that affected the large group of women employed in households in the Swedish capital city, Stockholm. Previous studies have put focus upon the social aspects of this occupation, as well as upon less successful efforts to establish a union. Historians have recendy begun to discuss the modernization and politicization of housework that took place after the turn of the century. This thesis emphasizes the importance of societal changes during this period as well, and it is an attempt to investigate the servant role from different perspectives, found to be complementary to each other, and necessary for the understanding of the period. The approach may be characterized as an ”individual-oriented gender perspective in a socio-structural context”. By following a group of individuals longitudinally over a period of almost 50 years, and by using a cross section of computerized census records, this study answers the questions of what role the occupation had in both the lives of individuals and in society. It is shown how these women gradually abandoned this occupation for marriage, migration or change of occupation, due to the limits of the patriarchal employment model, which failed to make the adjustments required for a modern labour market. It is concluded that even though it was a low status and low income occupation characterized by suppression and subordination, the women nevertheless had a great deal of influence over their own life course. This does not mean that service necessarily would lead to upward social mobility, for they normally would still marry within their own social group or choose other traditional working-class women’s occupations. However, they easily could escape subordination by the alternatives offered.It is argued that a much discussed model, with its periodization of capitalism, is found to be useful as a starting point, but inadequate for the description of women’s working conditions in general, and the division between the private and the public labour market, in particular. Even with a modification of this model, which includes the gender division of labour, it lacks the ‘separate spheres’ dimension which is necessary for the understanding of this group.
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