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- Ekström, Rickard, 1985-
(författare)
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Offshore Marine Substation for Grid-Connection of Wave Power Farms : An Experimental Approach
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wave power is a renewable energy source with great potential, which is why there are more than a hundred ongoing wave power projects around the world. At the Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, a point-absorber type wave energy converter (WEC) has been proposed and developed. The WEC consists of a linear synchronous generator placed on the seabed, connected to a buoy floating on the surface. Power is absorbed by heave motion of the buoy, and converted into electric energy by the generator.The point-absorber WEC must be physically much smaller than the wavelength of the incoming waves, and can therefore not be scaled to very high power levels. Instead, the total power output is boosted by increasing the number of WECs, connecting them in wave power farms. To transfer the electric energy to the grid, an intermediate marine substation is proposed, where an AC/DC/AC conversion step is performed.Within this PhD-work, a full-scale offshore marine substation has been designed, constructed and experimentally evaluated. The substation is rated for grid-connection of seven WECs to the local 1kV-grid, and is placed on the seabed 3km off the coast at a depth of 25m. Various aspects of the substation design have been considered, including the mechanical and electrical systems, the WEC electrical interface, offshore operations and the automatic grid connection control system. A tap change circuit and different multilevel topologies have also been proposed.This dissertation has an experimental approach, validating a major part of the work with lab results. The final substation electrical circuit has been tested at rated grid voltage with a fluctuating input power source. The efficiency has been measured and the implemented functions are verified. Offshore operations have been successfully carried out and offshore wave farm data is expected in the nearby future.
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| 2. |
- KC, Ashish, 1982-
(författare)
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Neonatal Resuscitation : Understanding challenges and identifying a strategy for implementation in Nepal
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the unprecedented improvement in child health in last 15 years, burden of stillbirth and neonatal death remain the key challenge in Nepal and the reduction of these deaths will be crucial for reaching the health targets for Sustainable development goal by 2030.The aim of this thesis was to explore the risk factors for stillbirth and neonatal death and change in perinatal outcomes after the introduction of the Helping Babies Breathe Quality Improvement Cycle (HBB QIC) in Nepal.This was a prospective cohort study with a nested case-control design completed in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Information were collected from the women who had experienced perinatal death and live birth among referent population; a video recording was done in the neonatal resuscitation corner to collect information on the health workers’ performance in neonatal resuscitation. Lack of antenatal care had the highest association with antepartum stillbirth (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 3.2–5.4), births that had inadequate fetal heart rate monitoring were associated with intrapartum stillbirth (aOR 1.9, CI 95% 1.5–2.4), and babies who were born premature and small-for-gestational-age had the highest risk for neonatal death in the hospital (aOR 16.2, 95% CI 12.3–21.3). Before the introduction of the HBB QIC, health workers displayed poor adherence to the neonatal resuscitation protocol. After the introduction of HBB QIC, the health workers demonstrated improvement in their neonatal resuscitation skills and these were retained until six months after training. Daily bag-and-mask skill checks (RR 5.1 95% CI 1.9–13.5), preparation for birth (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0–5.6), self-evaluation checklists (RR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–9.7) and weekly review and reflection meetings (RR 2.6, 95% 1.0–7.4) helped the health workers to retain their neonatal resuscitation skills. The health workers demonstrated improvement in ventilation of babies within one minute of birth and there was a reduction in intrapartum stillbirth (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.66) and first-day neonatal mortality (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.83). The study provides information on challenges in reducing stillbirth and neonatal death in low income settings and provides a strategy to improve health workers adherence to neonatal resuscitation to reduce the mortality. The HBB QIC can be implemented in similar clinical settings to improve quality of care and survival in Nepal, but for primary care settings, the QIC need to be evaluated further.
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| 4. |
- Hagen, Johannes, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Health shocks, risk preferences and annuity choices
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the simultaneous impact of risk type and risk preferences on annuity demand. Through a quasi-experimental design that leverages individuals’ reactions to their first malignant cancer diagnosis around retirement, we show that a 30% reduction in the present value of life annuities from decreased life expectancy results in just a 5% decline in annuitization rates. We further demonstrate that risk-averse individuals drive this effect, whereas the risk-tolerant remain unchanged in their demand. Our findings suggest that risk-averse individuals view life annuities as a means to ensure against longevity risk.
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| 5. |
- Hagen, Johannes, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsochocker och val av utbetalningstid i tjänstepensionen
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I de flesta tjänstepensionsavtal finns möjligheten att ta ut tjänstepensionen under en begränsad tidsperiod, till exempel 5 eller 10 år, i stället för livsvarigt. I den här rapporten studerar vi hur förändringar i förväntad livslängd påverkar valet av utbetalningstid. Vi jämför andelen livsvariga utbetalningar bland individer som drabbades av en elakartad cancertumör strax före pensionsåldern med motsvarande andel bland personer som fick samma diagnos strax efter pensionsåldern. Den senare gruppen hade därför inte möjlighet att beakta cancern när de valde utbetalningstid. Resultaten visar att andelen livsvariga utbetalningar är 5 procent lägre bland dem som diagnostiserades med cancer före pensionsuttaget. Effekten är tydlig, men samtidigt förhållandevis begränsad. I rapporten diskuterar vi också vilken roll riskpreferenser har för valet av utbetalningstid och hur dessa modererar den uppmätta effekten.
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| 6. |
- Herzfeld Olsson, Petra, 1966-
(författare)
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Equal treatment for highly qualified labour migrants
- 2019
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to EU-law, third country national labour migrants shall be treated equally to local workers with regard to wages. The aim of this working paper is to clarify whether Swedish law meets this demand with regard to highly qualified labour migrants. The analysis reveals that the combined effect of entry conditions and the content of the collective agreements applicable in the sectors where highly qualified labour migrants work makes it difficult to safeguard that they are treated equally with comparable national workers. The study also demonstrates that Swedish law does not provide highly qualified labour migrants with any robust means to enforce equal treatment. Hence, it is not likely that Swedish law complies with EU law, at least not for those workers employed by an entity in Sweden. For labour migrants intra-corporate transferred or posted to Sweden in other ways the EU law demands are less clear.
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| 7. |
- Kahlert, Maria
(författare)
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Jämförande test av kiselalgers och bottenfaunas lämplighet som indikatorer för närsaltshalt och surhet inom miljömålsuppföljningen
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Data från 321 enskilda vattendrag med information om vattenkemi, kiselalger och bottenfauna sammanställdes och analyserades för att jämföra kiselalgers och bottenfaunas lämplighet som indikatorer på närsaltshalt och surhet inom miljömålsuppföljningen. Vad gäller surhet gav kiselalgsindexet en mer precis och pålitlig överrensstämmelse med uppmätta pH-halter (både årsmedel och lägsta pH under året) än bottenfaunaindexen. Kiselalgsindexet hade även en lägre mellanårsvariation som var starkare kopplad till variationen i pH. Vi fann inga regionala skillnader i bedömningen av surhet med något av indexen. Vad gäller bedömningen av närsalter var skillnaderna mellan de jämförda indexen mindre men kiselalgerna svarade i allmänhet något bättre mot de uppmätta halterna av närsalter än bottenfaunaindexen. Vid en jämförelse av bedömning av ekologisk status för vattendrag som klassats med båda bedömningsgrunderna ger bottenfaunan i genomsnitt en högre status än kiselalgerna, särskilt i södra Sverige. Kiselalgernas bedömning av ekologisk status korrelerade bättre än bottenfaunan med statusklassning av näringsämnen (totalfosfor) i vattendrag . Vi konstaterar att skillnaderna i bedömning av ekologisk status med avseende på näring behöver undersökas vidare men att för miljömålsuppföljningens syfte att hitta en väl fungerande och kostnadseffektiv biologisk indikator på vattenkemiska variabler som surhet och närsaltshalt så verkar kiselalger bättre lämpade än bottenfauna.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Tobias
(författare)
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Gender differences in absence from work : Lessons from two world wars
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper traces the origins and early history of perceived gender differences in absenteeism in Great Britain and the USA. Among politicians and scholars, the problem was first articulated during World War I and reappeared as an issue of prime concern during World War II. The war efforts required mobilization and allocation of large numbers of women to jobs that had previously been done by men while maintaining high and continuous flows of production in an economy that was increasingly characterized by high capital intensity. The most common explanation of women’s higher levels of absenteeism was their double burden of wage work and unpaid household duties. Although researchers in the field were cautious to give policy recommendations, the studies on absenteeism revealed that ‘industrial fatigue’ could have negative effects on productivity and helped to motivate regulations on working hours. Studies on absenteeism also encouraged firms to professionalize personnel management and to reinforce apprehensions of differences between men and women as workers and employees. Some employers and other policy makers referred to gender differences in absenteeism to motivate wage discrimination.
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