| 1. |
- Bask, Miia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality Generating Processes and Measurement of the Matthew Effect
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first aim of this paper is to clarify the differences and relationships between cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the Matthew effect. Its second aim, which is also its main contribution, is not only to present a new measure of the Matthew effect, but also to show how to estimate this effect from data and how to make statistical inference. We argue that one should utilize the positivity of the natural logarithm of the largest generalized eigenvalue for a non-linear dynamic process as evidence when claiming that the Matthew effect is present in the dynamic process that generates individuals’ socio-economic life-courses. Thus, our measure of the Matthew effect focuses on the dynamic process that generates socio-economic inequality and not on the outcome of this process.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bask, Miia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social Influence and the Matthew Mechanism : The Case of an Artificial Cultural Market
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that the Matthew effect, or Matthew mechanism, was present in the artificial cultural market Music Lab when social influence between individuals was allowed, whereas this was not the case when social influence was not allowed. We also sketch on a class of social network models, derived from social influence theory, that may gener-ate the Matthew effect. Thus, we propose a theoretical framework that may explain why the most popular songs were much more popular, and the least popular songs were much less popular, than when disallowing social influence between individuals.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic or Non-Economic Factors – What Empowers Women?
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microfinance programs like Self Help Group Bank linkage program (SHG), aim to empower women through provision of financial services. We investigate this further to determine whether it is the economic or the non-economic factors that have a greater impact on empowering women. Using household survey data on SHG from India, a general structural model is adopted where the latent women empowerment and its latent components (economic factors and financial confidence, managerial control, behavioural changes, education and networking, communication and political participation and awareness) are measured using observed indicators. The results show that for SHG members, economic factors, managerial control and behavioural changes are the most significant factors in empowering women.
|
|
| 5. |
- Basso, Henrique S.
(författare)
-
Delegation, Time Inconsistency and Sustainable Equilibrium
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the effectiveness of delegation in solving the time inconsistency problem of monetary policy using a microfounded general equilibrium model where delegation and reappointment are explicitly included into the government's strategy. The method of Chari and Kehoe (1990) is applied to characterize the entire set of sustainable outcomes. Countering McCallum's (1995) second fallacy, delegation is able to eliminate the time inconsistency problem, with the commitment policy being sustained under discretion for any intertemporal discount rate.
|
|
| 6. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China : a panel analysis using quarterly provincial data
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the long-run and short-run relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China using the quarterly province-level panel data for the period 1999 q1 to 2007 q4. Recently developed econometric techniques for panel unit root testing and heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis are employed. The empirical results provide clear support of a stable long-run relationship between housing investment, non-housing investment and GDP in China. We then estimate the long-run elasticity of GDP with respect to housing investment for the whole country as well as three sub regions. The variations across regions are detected and reasons for this fact are discussed. Based on the panel ECM, we show that there is bidirectional Granger causality between housing investment and GDP in both short run and long run for the whole country, while the impacts of housing investment on GDP behave strikingly differently in the three sub-regions of China.
|
|
| 7. |
- Elinder, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Selfish and Prospective Theory and Evidence of Pocketbook Voting
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present and test a theory of prospective and retrospective pocketbook voting. Focusing on two large reforms in Sweden, we establish a causal chain from policies to sizeable individual gains and losses and then to voting. The Social Democrats proposed budget cuts affecting parents with young children before the 1994 election, but made generous promises to the same group before the 1998 election. Since parents with older children were largely unaffected we use a difference-in-differences strategy for identification. We find clear evidence of prospective pocketbook voting. Voters respond to campaign promises but not to the later implementation of the reforms.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
The Labor Market Consequences of Gender Differences in Job Search
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies gender differences in labor market outcomes using data from an Internetbased CV database. The women in the database get fewer firm contacts than men, and we show that this is partly explained by differences in education, experience and other skills, is not explained by differences in occupation and place of residence, and to a large extent is explained by differences in geographical search area. When we take into account differences in search area, the negative gender effect disappears. However, the results differ somewhat across subgroups: For highly skilled women a negative gender effect remains.
|
|
| 9. |
- Glans, Erik
(författare)
-
Retirement patterns during the Swedish pension reform
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish pension reform of 1999-2003 provides an opportunity to study whether and how important economic incentives are for the timing of retirement. The new pension system provides a much closer link between contributions and benefits than the former system. I study whether the reform has led to delayed retirement by examining the retirement patterns of elderly Swedish workers that were differentially affected by the reform. I use duration analysis with annual data from the LINDA database. Discrete time proportional hazard models are estimated. The results show a remarkable decline in the retirement hazard among latter born cohorts, who were more affected by the reform. This implies that retirement is delayed. Most of the decline occurs among public sector employees.
|
|
| 10. |
- Glans, Erik
(författare)
-
The effect of changes in the replacement rate on partial retirement in Sweden
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge about how elderly workers react to changes in pension benefits is important in guiding the design of social security systems. This paper contributes to this knowledge by examining the effect of changed replacement rates on part-time retirement behaviour in Sweden. During the 1980s, older workers had the option of partial retirement with an income replacement of 65 percent. The replacement rate was lowered to 50 percent in 1981 and subsequently increased back to 65 percent in 1987. Estimates using a linear probability model with register data from the LINDA database suggest that fewer men and women chose part-time retirement after the reduction in benefit levels in 1981. There was an approximate 4 percentage point drop in the partial retirement propensity among eligible 60-year old men, and a 5.7 percent drop among women. This corresponds to proportional reductions in the retirement propensity by about 29 and 36 percent respectively. The probability of part-time retirement increased among men by about 3.5 percentage points once benefit levels were increased again, whereas the partial retirement probability of women remained largely unchanged.
|
|
