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- Kvist Geverts, Karin, 1974-
(författare)
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Ett främmande element i nationen : Svensk flyktingpolitik och de judiska flyktingarna 1938−1944
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of social categorization and discrimination, as well as the connection between them. This has been accomplished by examining Swedish refugee policy towards Jewish refugees during the Second World War and the Holocaust, as conducted by The Foreigner’s Bureau of the National Board of Health and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during 1938−1944. The study also compares the Swedish refugee policy with that of Denmark, Switzerland, Great Britain and the United States. The investigation is guided by such concepts as social categorization, discrimination, antisemitism, organizational culture and established practice. The primary sources are documents, minutes and personal dossiers; Svensk författningssamling (legislation) and articles in Sociala Meddelanden (the National Board’s official journal).The main conclusions are that Sweden was not perceived as a country of immigration, based partly of the widespread fear that too many Jewish refugees would create a “Jewish Question”. Swedish authorities discriminated against Jewish refugees on grounds of “race” through a process of categorization. This process began already in the 1920’s, and gradually transformed the definition of “Jew” from a religious to a “racial” definition, based on the Nuremberg Laws. The differentiation of Jewish refugees in official statistics ceased in September 1943, yet it continued secretly until February 1944, encompassing the Norwegian and Danish Jews as well. One important result shows that the shift in policy – from discrimination to large scale reception – was a slow process where this differentiating practice and antisemitic perceptions remained operative. What is defined as an antisemitic background bustle is used to explain how moderate antisemitic expressions were perceived as “unbiased” and “normal” within the Swedish society. Though Sweden’s refugee policy seems similar to that of other countries surveyed, the shift in policy stands out as unique in comparison.
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| 2. |
- Palosuo, Laura, 1976-
(författare)
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Yellow Stars and Trouser Inspections : Jewish Testimonies from Hungary, 1920–1945
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes narratives of individual Jewish experiences of discrimination and genocidal violence in Hungary during the period of 1920–1945. The aim is to increase our knowledge and understanding of the events through an investigation of survivor testimonies concerning anti-Jewish laws and the Holocaust. The main focus is on how survivors perceived the treatment to which they and their fellow Jews were exposed, and how they responded to the persecution they faced. Perceptions and responses are analyzed through multiple factors such as gender, age, social class, and geographical place.The period under investigation stretches from 1920, when the law of Numerus Clausus (a quota system influencing admission to universities) was introduced, until the end of the Second World War in early 1945. Focus is placed on the war years, especially on 1944, the year of German occupation and the fascist Arrow Cross rule. Experiences from the labour service system, the Jewish houses in Budapest, and the ghettos, as well as of hiding and resistance, are some of the recurring themes which are examined here. Extensive interviews, along with eyewitness reports and memoirs, form the empirical basis of the study.The results demonstrate the complexity of individual experiences during times of upheaval, and the importance of the above factors is evident within the testimonies. The survivors’ experiences greatly depended on gender, age, social class, geographical place, civil status, religious orientation, as well as “race”. However, the importance of the different factors changed over time. For instance, in the beginning of this period, discrimination had a direct impact on adult males, while children, women, and the elderly were indirectly affected. Furthermore, persons belonging to the upper classes could circumvent the anti-Jewish laws in various ways. Ultimately, differences in treatment decreased, according to the testimonies. Women, children, and the elderly also became victims, as did individuals from all social classes.
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| 3. |
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Rasen och vetenskapen
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Volymen innehåller bidrag från föreläsningsserien Rasen och vetenskapen vid Uppsala universitet våren 2008. Serien speglade rasismens, rasbiologins och rashygienens historiska arv och vetenskapliga förbindelser från Linné till vår tid – med fokus vid internationella akademiska kontakter och utbyte. Bidraget av professorn i medicinsk genetik Ulf Pettersson (Uppsala) behandlar rasbegreppets ställning i människans utvecklingshistoria inom genetiken (”Människoraser, finns dom?”). Rasbiologiska institutets drivande kraft, läkaren och professorn i rasbiologi Herman Lundborg är ämnet för Phil. Mag. Katrin Zippels (Trier) artikel, som särskilt behandlar fotografins och avfotograferingens betydelse för institutet och dess verksamhet samt för lärans och Lundborgs anseende i Tyskland och i Sverige ("'Learn to see!' Photography in the service of race biology"). PhD Matthew Kotts (Oslo, Uppsala) artikel är en biografiskt orienterad undersökning av den svenske läkaren och antropologen Gaston Backman, som efter studier i Uppsala innehade framträdande akademiska tjänster i Lund, Stockholm och lettländska Riga, från 1920 till pensioneringen 1948 ("Antropologen Gaston Backman och den uppsaliensiska rasbiologins spridning i tid och rum"). Backmans betydelse för rasbiologin och dess spridning internationellt har inte uppmärksammats i större utsträckning tidigare.
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