| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Burns, Tom, et al.
(författare)
-
Paradigm Shift in Game Theory : Sociological Re-Conceptualization of Human Agency,Social Structure, and Agents' Cognitive-Normative Frameworks and Action Determination Modalities
- 2018
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to present some of the initial work of developing a social science grounded game theory—as a clear alternative to classical game theory. Two distinct independent initiatives in Sociology are presented: One, a systems approach, social systems game theory (SGT),and the other, Erving Goffman's interactionist approach (IGT). These approaches are presented and contrasted with classical theory. They focus on the social rules, norms, roles, role relationships,and institutional arrangements, which structure and regulate human behavior. While strategic judgment and instrumental rationality play an important part in the sociological approaches, they are not a universal or dominant modality of social action determination. Rule following is considered, generally speaking, more characteristic and more general. Sociological approaches, such as those outlined in this article provide a language and conceptual tools to more adequately and effectively than the classical theory describe, model, and analyze the diversity and complexity of human interaction conditions and processes: (1) complex cognitive rule based models of the interaction situation with which actors understand and analyze their situations; (2) value complex(es) with which actors operate, often with multiple values and norms applying in interaction situations;(3) action repertoires (rule complexes) with simple and complex action alternatives—plans, programs,established (sometimes highly elaborated) algorithms, and rituals; (4) a rule complex of action determination modalities for actors to generate and/or select actions in game situations; three actionmodalities are considered here; each modality consists of one or more procedures or algorithms for action determination: (I) following or implementing a rule or rule complex, norm, role, ritual,or social relation; (II) selecting or choosing among given or institutionalized alternatives according toa rule or principle; and (III) constructing or adopting one or more alternatives according to a value,guideline, or set of criteria. Such determinations are often carried out collectively. The paper identifies and illustrates in a concluding table several of the key differences between classical theory and the sociological approaches on a number of dimensions relating to human agency; social structure, norms, institutions, and cultural forms; patterns of game interaction and outcomes,the conditions of cooperation and conflict, game restructuring and transformation, and empirical relevance. Sociologically based game theory, such as the contributions outlined in this article suggest a language and conceptual tools to more adequately and effectively than the classical theory describe,model, and analyze the diversity, complexity, and dynamics of human interaction conditions and processes and, therefore, promises greater empirical relevance and scientific power. An Appendix provides an elaboration of SGT, concluding that one of SGT's major contributions is the rule based conceptualization of games as socially embedded with agents in social roles and role relationships and subject to cognitive-normative and agential regulation. SGT rules and rule complexes are based on contemporary developments relating to granular computing and Artificial Intelligence in general.
|
|
| 4. |
- Flensburg, Per, 1946-
(författare)
-
Den stora tankestriden inom informatik : en idéhistoriskanalys
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The domain of informatics, was initially development of computer-based information systems based on mathematical/logical perspective. In mid-1970s, some doctoral students stated that use of these systems should also be studied. Hence work content, work environment and power relations at the workplace should be studied. This cannot be done solely with mathematical/logical methods. Based on Ludwik Fleck's concepts of thought style and thought-collective, Kuhn's paradigm theory and Berger & Luckmann's knowledge sociology, some events taking place during the decade 1975-85 are analyzed and the concept of though tstruggle is introduced. My problem statement is:1. How can the conceptual idea within the informatics in Sweden during the period 1970-1985 be understood?2. Why did this happen just then?3. How does it fit into the other changes in society?The result is a description of the thought struggle, what triggered it and what it led to, and where the events have been placed within dimensions of time, positivism and philosophy.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Anders
(författare)
-
Alkoholkontakter över den svensk-norska riksgränsen i ett historiskt förändringsperspektiv
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study sheds light on the flows of alcohol over the southern part of the long national border between Sweden and Norway and how these have changed over time indifferent political, legal, military, and economic situations. Special emphasis has been on studying shortage situations when no alcohol was legally available or easily accessible on one side of the border but not on the other. Particularly interesting situations are times of war, alcohol prohibition, and strikes. Views on alcohol have also had a gender aspect. In the late twentieth century the economy played a crucial part in the buying trips to Sweden by Norwegians. Taste can also play a part in these trips. The significance of the economic aspect has been greatest for the producers and sellers of illegal alcohol.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Anders
(författare)
-
Improper Use, Moderation Or Totalabstinence Of Alcohol : Use of and opinion on alcohol especially in the western Swedish countryside and coastal regions during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book has focused on three approaches to alcohol use, that is moderation, improper use and total abstinence. In the late 1800s and early1900s there was a struggle between the principle of moderation and the principle of total abstinence from alcohol.Moderation was the Public demonstrations on Temperance Day in 1957: members of the lodge and the free church society in Valla walked together with the national and IOGT flag to the chapel of the free church society. Photo privately owned. dominant view while total abstinence was advocated by free church revival movements and temperance movements. Improper use consistently had a low reputation. It has been essential to pay attention to norms and practical life. My studies are especially concentrated to the Swedish northwest coast. It has also been appropriate to pay attention to how authorities such as medical doctors and priests perceived alcohol, and what kind of influence they had among the ordinary people.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
