| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring offence statistics in Stockholm City using spatial analysis tools
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 92:1, s. 29-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this article is to investigate changes since the early 1980s in offence patterns for residential burglary, theft of and from cars, and vandalism in Stockholm City using methods from spatial statistics. The findings of previous Swedish studies on crime patterns and the insights provided by different theories, notably one propounded by Wikstrom (1991), provide a background for this study and are briefly reviewed. The analytical elements of the article are presented in two main parts. The first consists of a brief description of methodological procedures to obtain robust estimates of small-area standardized offence ratios. Attention is pail to both the spatial framework and the method of calculating rates. Standardized offence ratios (SORs) are calculated and mapped using GIS, and the Getis-Ord statistic is used to identify areas of raised incidence. The variation in a relative risk is modeled as a function of socioeconomic variables using the linear regression model, recognizing the complications raised by the spatial nature of the data. Results suggest that while there have been no dramatic changes in the geographies of these offences in Stockholm City during the last decade, there have been some shifts both in geographical patterns and in their association with underlying socioeconomic conditions.
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| 2. |
- Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary analysis of neighborhood decline using multilevel selection theory
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 104:4, s. 765-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes an analytical framework of neighborhood decline grounded in evolutionary multilevel selection (MLS) theory. We demonstrate that MLS allows for the unification of at least two distinct theoretical approaches—the ecological and the political economy approaches—to analyzing urban change. From these developments we generate three hypotheses about intracity dynamics. The hypotheses are tested with longitudinal data using space–time regression, simulation, and spatial hedonic methods.
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| 3. |
- Borén, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The Migration Dynamics of the "Creative Class" : Evidence from a Study of Artists in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 103:1, s. 195-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on a neglected issue in debates about the creative city, the migration dynamics of the so-called creative class. The work of Richard Florida on the importance of the creative class for urban development continues to influence urban policymakers worldwide, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting the key assumptions made about the migration dynamics of those in apparently creative occupations. This article evaluates the usefulness of adopting the approach of analyzing the migration dynamics of one creative occupation, artists. We consider the migration experiences of a group of artists who have moved to Stockholm, Sweden, exploring their mobility and their motivations for moving, the factors influencing their choice of location, and the influence of their occupational dynamics on their mobility. The analysis advances earlier studies of creative migration by considering the impact on their mobility of life-cycle effects and their reliance on professional networks and queries the purported link between openness and tolerance in cities with low entry barriers for those in creative occupations.
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| 4. |
- Bouzarovski, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and Identity : Imagining Russia as a Hydrocarbon Superpower
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 101:4, s. 783-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between energy systems, on the one hand, and narratives and practices of identity building at different scales, on the other, has received little attention in the mainstream human geography and social science literature. There is still a paucity of integrated theoretical insights into the manner in which energy formations are implicated in the rise of particular cultural self-determinations, even though various strands of work on energy and identity are frequently present throughout the wideand rather disparatecorpus of social science energy research. Therefore, this article explores the manner in which the exploitation and management of energy resources is woven into discourses and debates about national identity, international relations, a nation's path of future development, and its significance on the global arena using the case of Russia. We investigate some of the policies, narratives, and discourses that accompany the attempt to represent this country as a global oenergy superpowero in relation to the resurrection of its domestic economy and material prosperity, on the one hand, and the restoration of its global status as a derzhava (or oGreat Powero), on the other. Using ideas initially developed within the field of critical discourse analysis, we pay special attention to the national identity-building role played by geographical imaginations about the country's past and present energy exports to neighboring states. We argue that they have created a hydrocarbon landscape in which the discursive and material have become mutually entangled to create an infrastructurally grounded vision of national identity.
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| 5. |
- Castree, Noel, et al.
(författare)
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Banking Spatially on the Future : Capital Switching, Infrastructure, and the Ecological Fix
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 105:2, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the onset of the global economic crisis, financiers and the institutions regulating their behavior have been subject to far-reaching criticism. At the same time, leading geo-scientists have been insisting that future environmental change might be far more profound than previously anticipated. Finance capital has long been a crucial mechanism for melting present solidities into air to create different futures. This article asks what the prospects are for the switching of credit money into green infrastructures-a switching increasingly recognized as necessary for climate change mitigation and (especially) adaptation. Most research into geographies of finance has ignored ecological questions and few contemporary society-nature researchers examine major fixed-capital investments. Unlike those geographers who criticize capitalism without offering feasible alternatives, we take a pragmatic view underpinned by democratic socioenvironmental values and attempt to identify leverage points for meaningful change. This programmatic article identifies reasons and examples to be cautiously hopeful that liquidity can be fixed in less ecologically harmful future infrastructures, thereby addressing crucial extraeconomic challenges for the century ahead.
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| 6. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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Crime in border regions : The Scandinavian case of Öresund, 1998-2001
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 94:4, s. 807-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article compares offense patterns at two points in time in Öresund, a Scandinavian border region that spans Sweden and Denmark. The aim of the analysis is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between crime and demographic, socioeconomic, and land use covariates in a border area that has been targeted with long-term investments in transport. The changes effected by the construction of the Öresund bridge might be expected to have an impact on both the levels and the geographies of different offenses by creating new sites for offending and new, more vulnerable, transient groups. The article focuses on identifying and explaining changes in the geography of crime before and after the bridge was built. Spatial statistical techniques and GIS underpin the methodology employed. The article shows that there have been changes in the levels and the geography of some offenses. Crime in border regions is likely to be of growing interest in Europe as a result of European Union (EU) enlargement and increasing intra-European cross-border movement facilitated by improved communication systems.
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| 7. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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Space-Time Dynamics of Crime in Transport Nodes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 104:1, s. 131-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article assesses space-time variations of crime rates in underground stations. Drawing on assumptions from time geography, routine activity principles, and defensible space theory, the study investigates daily, weekly, and seasonal variations of crime at underground stations in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. Data from extensive field work at the stations was combined with crime records and passenger flow to test whether stations' environmental attributes affect crime at different times. Geographical information systems, spatial statistic techniques, and modeling underpin the methodology used in the study. Findings show that crimes tend to happen more often in the evening, at night, on holidays, and on weekends. There is also evidence of seasonal variations of crime. In the winter, stations with social disturbance and signs of deterioration show high levels of crime, whereas in the summer, offenses are concentrated in stations nearby alcohol selling outlets. Stations with hiding spots are often targeted for crime during daily peak hours, whereas during holidays, crowded stations and those with alcohol selling outlets attract more criminal activities. Results suggest that the role of the stations' environment on crime causation varies over timean important fact for safety interventions.
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| 8. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Revisiting the Urbanization of Capital
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 101:6, s. 1347-1364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent interview, David Harvey referred to the initial stages of the ongoing global economic crisis as a “financial crisis of urbanization.” This article explores and substantiates Harvey's argument by returning to the thesis of capital switching that Harvey, following Henri Lefebvre, initially expounded in the 1970s and 1980s. The nub of this argument was that as capitalist production edges toward periodic crises of overaccumulation, capital “switches” from production per se into production of the urban built environment as a means to absorb surplus capital and hence avert—if only temporarily—crisis. Although Harvey's thesis has proven extremely influential among political economists, urban theorists, and geographers of various stripes, previous attempts to buttress it with empirical evidence have failed to unearth any demonstrable switching dynamic of the kind Harvey theorizes. This article analyzes data for the years leading up to 2007 and the unfolding of the current economic crisis. Focusing primarily on the United Kingdom, it presents two separate analyses that suggest a clear pattern of capital switching into the built environment since the turn of the millennium: first, a switching of overall private-sector expenditures and, second, a switching of pension fund investment. Together, the analyses place urbanization, following Harvey, at the heart of contemporary economic crisis.
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| 9. |
- Clark, William A. V., et al.
(författare)
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A Multiscalar Analysis of Neighborhood Composition in Los Angeles, 2000-2010 : A Location-Based Approach to Segregation and Diversity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 105:6, s. 1260-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There continues to be cross-disciplinary interest in the patterns, extent, and changing contexts of segregation and spatial inequality more generally. The changes are clearly context dependent but at the same time there are broad generalizations that arise from the processes of residential sorting and selection. A major question in U.S. segregation research is how the growth of Asian and Hispanic populations is influencing patterns of segregation and diversity at the neighborhood level. In this article we use a variant of a nearest neighbor approach to map, graph, and evaluate patterns of race and ethnicity at varying scales. We show that using a multiscalar approach to segregation can provide a detailed and more complete picture of segregation. The research confirms work from other studies that segregation is decreasing between some groups and increasing between others, and the patterns, and processes can be described as dynamic diversity. In a series of maps of ethnic clusters and population homogeneity we show how metropolitan areas, represented in this case by Los Angeles, now display patterns of complex living arrangements with multiple groups inhabiting both local neighborhoods and wider community spheres.
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| 10. |
- Gentile, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Spaces of Priority : The Geography of Soviet Housing Construction in Daugavpils, Latvia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 100:1, s. 112-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a result of the absence of a land market, socialist-era cities tended to look different from their market-economy equivalents. The difference was made more pronounced by the fact that the command economy also favored industrial investment over infrastructure and housing. Yet, with an increasing appetite for additional labor, needed by production units to ensure plan fulfillment, housing became a means to recruit and retain employees. Not all employers could afford to put resources into such ononproductiveo investment, however, and the literature suggests that the notion of priorities allows for discriminating between those enterprises that enjoyed soft budget constraints, and therefore could afford to spend money on worker welfare, and those that could not. As a heuristic framework based on the economics of shortage, the priority model is compelling, but as yet it lacks empirical substantiation. Setting out to test the landscapes of priority model of urban development, this article details the developments of housing construction in Daugavpils, Latvia, during the Soviet period. Based on extensive archive and field research covering all newly constructed or converted housing projects over the period from 1951 to 1991, it yields considerable, if not unqualified, support for the model that until now has not been made subject to systematic empirical tests.
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