| 1. |
- Al-Khateeb, S, et al.
(författare)
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Light-induced fluorescence studies on dehydration of incipient enamel lesions
- 2002
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 36:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the hydration state of enamel affect its optical qualities, such as light scattering and fluorescence. In this study, the rate of fluorescence loss was measured when incipient enamel lesions with different de-remineralization history were left to dehydrate. Four groups of lesions were studied. In groups A, B and C, the lesions were prepared in vitro in an acid-gel system. Group A was kept as control, and groups B and C were remineralized (4 weeks) without and with 1 ppm F in solution, respectively. Group D consisted of natural incipient lesions. Enamel fluorescence was measured for all lesions immediately after removal from water and subsequently at short intervals for 30 min. The change in fluorescence with dehydration varied between the groups. In lesions from groups A and B, it followed a double exponential decrease, while in lesions from groups C and D, it followed a mono-exponential decrease. In all groups, the fluorescence of sound surfaces declined mono-exponentially. The ‘fractional fluorescence difference’, defined as (L<sub>sound</sub> – L<sub>carious</sub> )/L<sub>sound</sub>, became constant after periods of dehydration of about 5, 5, 20 and 5 min for groups A to D, respectively. The observation of the change of fluorescence with dehydration should be taken into consideration when planning studies that use fluorescence as an assessment method. However, it might also be used to gain insight into the properties for fluid transport inside the various lesions, relevant to de-remineralization or fluoride treatments.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Oral hygiene and parent-related factors during early childhood in relation to approximal caries at 15 years of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 42:1, s. 28-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate whether oral hygiene habits and parent-related factors, recorded in early childhood, have a predictive value in relation to approximal caries experience (including initial caries lesions) at the age of 15 years (n = 568). Data were selected from examinations, interviews and questionnaires at 1 and 3 years and bitewing radiographs at 15 years. Four levels of cut-off points for the statistical analysis were used: DFa = 0, > 0, ≧4 and ≧8. In the final logistic regression analyses, mother’s self-estimation of her oral health care being less good remained statistically significant and predicted a caries experience of DFa > 0 at 15 years. The following four variables predicted DFa ≧4: (1) female gender, (2) plaque on maxillary incisors at 1 year, (3) mother’s self-estimation of her oral health care being less good and (4) father being less satisfied with his social situation. Two variables predicted DFa ≧8: (1) toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste just once a day, and (2) father being less satisfied with his social situation. Furthermore, children who failed to attend the examination at 1 year of age had 6.95 ± 5.36 (mean ± SD) DFa at 15 years compared with 3.10 ± 3.85 for children who were examined at 1 year of age (p < 0.01). To conclude, factors explaining good dental health at 15 years of age pertained to both children and parents. Thus, it seems that good oral hygiene habits, established in early childhood, provide a foundation for a low experience of approximal caries in adolescents.
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| 5. |
- Alm, Anita, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of approximal caries in posterior teeth in 15-year-old Swedish teenagers in relation to their caries experience at 3 years of age.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 41:5, s. 392-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of approximal caries lesions and fillings in posterior teeth at 15 years of age in a prospectively followed Swedish population (n = 568), with special reference to their caries experience at the age of 3 years. Only approximal surfaces were recorded, since all children in the Community of Jönköping have had fissure sealing performed on all caries-free permanent molars. At 15 years of age, the mean number of approximal tooth surfaces with initial caries lesions (D(i)a), manifest caries lesions and fillings (D(m)Fa) and total caries experience and fillings (D(i + m)Fa)--recorded on bitewing radiographs--was 2.78 , 0.45 and 3.23, respectively. One third of the adolescents had no approximal caries or fillings; the D(i)a constituted 86% of the D(i + m)Fa. Children with manifest caries at 3 years of age had a higher risk of developing approximal caries in their permanent teeth than caries-free children at the same age (41 vs. 17%). Furthermore, children who were caries-free at 3 years of age were more likely to remain caries-free at 15 years of age compared to children with manifest caries (37 vs. 17%). All these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, early childhood caries experience (developed before 3 years of age) had a greater predictive value than late childhood caries experience (developed between 3 and 6 years of age) concerning approximal caries at 15 years of age.
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| 6. |
- Almhöjd, Ulrica S., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Insights into Covalently Stained Carious Dentine Using Solid-State NMR and ToF-SIMS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 51:3, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dyes currently used to stain carious dentine have a limited capacity to discriminate normal dentine from carious dentine, which may result in overexcavation. Consequently, finding a selective dye is still a challenge. However, there is evidence that hydrazine-based dyes, via covalent bonds to functional groups, bind specifically to carious dentine. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible formation of covalent bonds between carious dentine and N-15(2)-hydrazine and the hydrazine-based dye, N-15(2)-labelled Lucifer Yellow, respectively. Powdered dentine from extracted carious and normal teeth was exposed to the dyes, and the staining reactions were analysed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), solid-state C-13-labelled nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and N-15-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that N-15(2)-hydrazine and N-15(2)-labelled Lucifer Yellow both bind to carious dentine but not to normal dentine. It can thus be concluded that hydrazine-based dyes can be used to stain carious dentine and leave normal dentine unstained. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 7. |
- Anderson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Approximal Caries in 5-year-old Swedish Children
- 2005
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 39:2, s. 92-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to assess how accurately some commonly used risk factors/risk markers (predictors) for caries development could identify children with and without approximal caries as judged from bitewing radiography. Two hundred and sixtyseven consecutive 5-year-old children from two Swedish cities participated. Three experienced dentists examined the children. The predictors were the overall dmfs (de-cayed, missing and filled surfaces) value (canines and molars), the number of occlusal dmfs, the frequency of intake of between-meal sugary products, visible plaque on free smooth surfaces of second primary molars, toothbrushing habits and (before bitewing examination) an overall judgement by the examining dentist. The mean dmfs value without bitewing examination was 0.40 (SD = 1.22). Twelve percent of the children had at least one dentin lesion and 33% at least one enamel lesion that were detected from bitewing examination only. The gain from adding bitewing examination to clinical examination amounted to a mean of 1.2 approximal enamel and/or dentin lesions. The ability to correctly identify children with approximal caries from the predictors was limited; sensitivity ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 and specificity ranged from 0.41 to 0.93. The single best predictor was the dentist's overall judgement with an average precision of 73%; average sensitivity for the presence of enamel and dentin lesions was 0.48 and for the presence of dentin lesions 0.66. The rest of the predictors added little to the predictive power. It is concluded that 33% of the 5-year-olds, representing a low caries prevalence population, benefited from bitewing examination. The ability to identify these children from the predictors was, however, limited. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 8. |
- Anderson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of Early Preventive Intervention with Semiannual Fluoride Varnish Application in Toddlers Living in High-Risk Areas: A Stratified Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 50:1, s. 17-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated whether toddlers in an extended preventive program of semiannual fluoride varnish applications from 1 year of age had a lower incidence of caries than those undergoing a standard program. A cohort of 1-year-old children (n = 3,403) living in multicultural areas of low socioeconomic standing in Stockholm participated in a cluster-randomized controlled field trial with two parallel arms. The children attended 23 dental clinics. Using the ICDAS II criteria, the examiners recorded caries at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. The children in the reference group received a standardized oral health program once yearly between 1 and 3 years of age. The children in the test group received the same standard program supplemented with topical applications of fluoride varnish every 6 months. We compared the test group and the reference group for the prevalence and increment of caries. At baseline, 5% of the children had already developed caries (ICDAS II 1-6). We reexamined the children after 1 year (n = 2,675) and after 2 years (n = 2,536). Neither prevalence nor caries increment differed between the groups. At 3 years of age, 12% of the children had developed moderate and severe carious lesions (ICDAS II 3-6), with a mean increment of 0.5 (SD 2.4) in the test group and 0.6 (SD 2.2) in the reference group. In conclusion, semiannual professional applications of fluoride varnish, as a supplement to a standard oral health program, failed to reduce caries development in toddlers from high-risk communities.
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| 9. |
- André Kramer, Ann-Catrin André, et al.
(författare)
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Multilevel analysis of dental caries in Swedish children and adolescents in relation to socioeconomic status
- 2019
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 53:1, s. 96-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate the variability in dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents, at two different area levels: dental clinics and SAMS (small areas for market statistics), with respect to multiple individual socioeconomic factors (SES). Records of manifest caries using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth, dependent variables) were collected from electronic dental records for 300,988 individuals aged 3-19 years (97.3% coverage) from the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. SES data were obtained from official registers and covered ethnicity, wealth, parental education, and employment. The SES variables were used as an independent aggregated variable - an in dex - categorized in deciles. Age and gender were independently included in the multilevel models. Two-level logistic regression analyses explored the probability of a dental caries experience and the variability (intracluster correlation) within dental clinic areas and SAMS, respectively. The most deprived (10th decile, SAMS level) 3- to 6-year-old children had an OR of 5.00 (95% CI 4.61-5.43) for dental caries experience (deft), compared with children in the 1st to 5th deciles. For older children and adolescents (≥7 years), the corresponding OR (DFT) was 2.25 (95% CI 2.15-2.35). Small geographical areas explained more of the variance in caries experience compared with the more aggregated level dental clinics. SES was more strongly related to the risk of dental caries experience than age and gender. In conclusion, the associations between SES and dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents were strong in the study and strongest in young children at a low level.
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| 10. |
- André Kramer, Ann-Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 52:1-2, s. 42-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to explore associations between multiple socioeconomic factors and dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents (3-19 years old). Electronic dental records from 300,988, in a Swedish region (97.3% coverage) were collected using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth: dependent variables). Socioeconomic status (SES) data (ethnicity, wealth, parental education, and employment) for individuals, parents, and families were obtained from official registers. Principal component analysis was used to explore SES data. Scores based on the first factor were used as an independent aggregated socioeconomic variable in logistic regression analyses. Dental caries experience was low in the participants: 16% in 3- to 6-year-olds (deft index: decayed, extracted, filled teeth) and 47% in 7- to 19-year-olds (DFT index). Both separate and aggregated socioeconomic variables were consistently associated with the dental caries experience irrespective of the caries index used: the crude odds ratio (OR) for having at least 1 caries lesion in 3- to 6-year-olds (deft index) in the lowest SES quintile was 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.09-3.43) and in ≥7-year-olds (DFT index) OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.75-1.84) compared with children in the 4 higher SES quintiles. Overall, associations were stronger in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition. Large SES models contributed more to explaining the caries experience than slim models including fewer SES indicators. In conclusion, socioeconomic factors were consistently associated with dental caries experience in the children and adolescents both as single factors and as multiple factors combined in an index. Socioeconomic inequalities had stronger associations to caries experience in young children than in older children and adolescents.
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