| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Börjesson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption of volatile fungal metabolites to wheat grains and subsequent desorption
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - : American Association of Cereal Chemists. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 71:1, s. 16-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption of the volatile fungal metabolites 2-methylfuran, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 1-octen-3-ol to wheat grains, and their subsequent desorption, were investigated. Adsorption was performed both dynamically and statically. In the dynamic system, volatile compounds in a N2 flow were led through 400 g of wheat in a glass column. In the static system, 400 g of wheat was stored in an airtight glass vessel containing the volatile compounds in the atmosphere. Three desorption procedures were compared: an N2 flow at 20-degrees-C, an N2 flow at 50-degrees-C, and extraction with supercritical CO2. 3-Methyl-1-butanol and 1-octen-3-ol were efficiently adsorbed and could also readily be desorbed to considerably higher extents at 50-degrees-C than at 20-degrees-C. The supercritical CO2 extraction was more efficient than N2 desorption in extracting volatile compounds, but because of the smaller sample sizes (1 g), the amounts extracted per gram of grain were lower than the amounts extracted with N2 desorption at 50-degrees-C. The adsorbed amount of each volatile compound was calculated as the difference between content in the N2 stream before passage through the wheat and its content after passage. Desorption by means of a N2 stream led to the recovery of about 5% of 2-methylfuran, 35% of 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 100% of 1-octen-3-ol.
|
|
| 3. |
- Börjesson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic nose for odor classification of grains
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - : American Association of Cereal Chemists. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 73:4, s. 457-461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electronic nose was used to classify grain samples based on their smell and to predict the degree of moldy/musty odor. A total of 235 samples of wheat, barley and oats, which had been odor classified by at least two grain inspectors, were used. Headspace samples from heated grain were pumped through chambers containing metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) sensors, SnO2 semiconductors and an infrared detector monitoring CO2. The sensor signals were evaluated with a pattern-recognition software program based on artificial neural networks. The samples were divided into either the four classes moldy/musty, acid/sour, burnt, or normal or the two classes good and bad according to the inspectors descriptions. They were also assigned a score describing their intensity of moldy/musty odor. The electronic nose correctly classified approximate to 75% of the samples when using the four-class system and approximate to 90% when using the two-class system. These values exceeded the corresponding percentages of agreement between two grain inspectors classifying the grain.
|
|
| 4. |
- Börjesson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy for estimation of ergosterol content in barley : A comparison between reflectance and transmittance techniques
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - St. Paul, USA : AACC International. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 84:3, s. 231-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal-specific lipid ergosterol correlates with fungal biomass and often also with the degree of mycotoxin contamination of cereals. We compared the ability of a near-infrared reflectance (NIR) instrument with a broad wavelength range (400-2500 nm) and a near-infrared transmittance (NIT) instrument with a narrower wavelength range (850-1050 nm) to predict the ergosterol content of naturally infected barley samples. The two instruments were equally good at predicting ergosterol content in Swedish samples (r(2) = 0.81 and 0.83 for NIT and NIR, respectively). The NIT instrument was then used for samples from three countries (Sweden, Ireland, UK). This model had about the same root mean-squared error (approximate to 5 mg of ergosterol/kg, db, of grain) as the dataset with only Swedish samples, although the r(2) value was lower (0.58). The investigation has shown that it is possible to predict ergosterol content in whole barley samples using NIR or NIT instrumentation, and acceptable models can be obtained using different barley cultivars and samples from different countries and harvest years. This should make it possible to routinely predict the fungal biomass at grain terminals.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cárdenas-Castro, Alicia P., et al.
(författare)
-
Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion : A comparison of two cooking procedures
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 97:3, s. 670-680
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed, but the bioaccessibility of their phenolic compounds (PCs) may be affected by different factors. Within this framework, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of two bean varieties: “Azufrado” and “Negro Jamapa,” was performed and the bioaccessibility and in vitro release kinetics of PC was evaluated. Mashed beans were prepared by two common culinary procedures in Mexico: pressure cooking followed by mashing, and pressure cooking and mashing, followed by frying. Findings: The bioaccessibility of PC was about 50% in the cooked samples and 30% in cooked-fried samples. The cooking condition did not modify the PC release kinetics during the first 60 min in any of the bean preparations. Three PCs were identified by HPLC-DAD-MS: kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and chlorogenic acid, which was the main PC released from all samples. Conclusions: Simulated gastrointestinal digestion revealed processing-related differences in the PC bioaccessibility in these two bean varieties, which should be further considered and evaluated in nutritional studies. Significance and novelty: The study is in line with current approaches for assessing PC bioaccessibility during the gastrointestinal digestion, providing knowledge on the types and quantities of PC released from the food matrix of beans as eaten.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eliasson, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
From Molecules to Products: Some Aspects of Structure-Function Relationships in Cereal Starches
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 90:4, s. 326-334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, starch behavior is described from molecules in solution to the use of starch in products. The determination of molecular characteristics with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is described, and the behavior of starch in binary solutions is discussed. The organization of starch in granules and the changes in organization during gelatinization and retrogradation are then described. The role of starch retrogradation in bread staling is described in some detail, and the influence of water mobility and distribution is discussed in relation to amylopectin retrogradation. Finally, the use of starch as emulsifier is described. Hydrophobically modified starch is one possibility for emulsion stabilization; also, the starch granule as such can be used to stabilize emulsions (so-called Pickering emulsions).
|
|
| 7. |
- Elofsson, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption studies of interaction between water-extractable nonstarch polysaccharides and prolamins in cereals
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 77:5, s. 679-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption of cereal storage protein and nonstarch polysaccharides onto methylated silica surfaces, as measured by ellipsometry, was used to study possible interactions between those components. All fractions, rye secalin, wheat gliadin, rye arabinoxylan, and wheat arabinogalactan peptide, were surface- oxylan and wheat arabinogalactan peptide on top of gliadin and secalin, respectively, indicated that an interaction occurred. As ionic strength and pH influenced both the adsorption and the interaction of the components studied, these phenomena are believed to be of electrostatic nature.
|
|
| 8. |
- Flores-Silva, Pamela C., et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of chickpea- and raw plantain-based gluten-free snacks on weight gain, serum lipid profile, and insulin resistance of rats fed with a high-fructose diet
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 94:1, s. 124-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two gluten-free snacks containing chickpea, plantain, and maize flours at different concentrations were prepared. The impact of chickpea or plantain flour level on weight gain, insulin resistance, and serum lipid profile of rats fed a high-fructose diet was evaluated. A dose of 0.93 g/kg was used in the experiments to simulate the snack consumption level by humans (average content of a small package, which is twice the portion recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture). Compared with a high-fructose reference diet, consumption of both snacks decreased weight gain, fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides. The effect was more pronounced for snack B, with higher chickpea content. Consumption of these snacks may also have beneficial effects against obesity and cardiometabolic complications. Chickpea flour is a promising functional ingredient for the development of antiobesity foods.
|
|
| 9. |
- Haskå, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of Indigestible Carbohydrates in Various Fractions from Wheat Processing
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 87:2, s. 125-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fractions rich in indigestible carbohydrates, such as fructan and arabinoxylan, are obtained as by-products when ethanol, starch, and gluten are produced from wheat flour. Today, these fractions are used as animal feed. However, these components may have positive physiological effects in humans. In this study, the content of indigestible carbohydrates in distillers' grains and process streams from the wet fractionation of wheat flour was determined. The fractions were further characterized by ethanol extractability analysis, anion-exchange chromatography, NMR, and size-exclusion chromatography. One fraction from wet fractionation contained (g/100 g, db) 6.0 ± 1.0 fructan and 10.3 ± 1.1 dietary fiber (66 ± 4% arabinoxylan), while distillers' grains contained 20.7 g/100 g (db) dietary fiber (30% arabinoxylan). In addition to indigestible carbohydrates from wheat, distillers' grains contained β-(1→3) and β-(1→6) glucans and mannoproteins from the yeast and low molecular weight carbohydrates mainly composed of arabinose. The use of endoxylanase in wet fractionation decreased the molecular weight of the arabinoxylans and increased the arabinose to xylose ratio but had no effect on the fructans. In conclusion, waste streams from industrial wheat processing were enriched in fructan, arabinoxylan, and other indigestible carbohydrates. However, the physiological effects of these fractions require further investigation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hussain, Abrar, et al.
(författare)
-
Amount and Size Distribution of Monomeric and Polymeric Proteins in the Grain of Organically Produced Wheat
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352. ; 90, s. 80-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we evaluated 444 organically grown wheat genotypes for the amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins by size-exclusion HPLC. The investigated genotypes were divided into six genotype groups selection, spelt, old cultivar, primitive, landrace, and cultivar and these were grown in four different locations, namely, Alnarp, Bohuslan, Gotland, and Uppsala in Sweden. The results showed that the percentage of unextractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins (%UPP) and percentage of large unextractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins were higher in the cultivar group as compared with the rest of the investigated genotype groups. The amounts of total extractable polymeric proteins (TOTE) and total unextractable polymeric proteins were low in cultivars and selections, respectively. Spring wheat grain was found to have a significantly higher amount of all protein fractions as compared with winter wheat. The genotype Kenya was found to belong to both groups of the 20 genotypes with the highest TOTE and %UPP. Thus, the genotype Kenya might be of relevance for consumption and future breeding to improve the breadmaking quality of organically produced wheat.
|
|
