| 1. |
- Andersson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Generalized Linear Factor Score Regression : A Comparison of Four Methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : Sage Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 81:4, s. 617-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor score regression has recently received growing interest as an alternative for structural equation modeling. However, many applications are left without guidance because of the focus on normally distributed outcomes in the literature. We perform a simulation study to examine how a selection of factor scoring methods compare when estimating regression coefficients in generalized linear factor score regression. The current study evaluates the regression method and the correlation-preserving method as well as two sum score methods in ordinary, logistic, and Poisson factor score regression. Our results show that scoring method performance can differ notably across the considered regression models. In addition, the results indicate that the choice of scoring method can substantially influence research conclusions. The regression method generally performs the best in terms of coefficient and standard error bias, accuracy, and empirical Type I error rates. Moreover, the regression method and the correlation-preserving method mostly outperform the sum score methods.
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| 2. |
- Andrich, David, et al.
(författare)
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Real and Artificial Differential Item Functioning in Polytomous Items
- 2015
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - SAGE Publications : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 75:2, s. 185-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential item functioning (DIF) for an item between two groups is present if, for the same person location on a variable, persons from different groups have different expected values for their responses. Applying only to dichotomously scored items in the popular Mantel–Haenszel (MH) method for detecting DIF in which persons are classified by their total scores on an instrument, Andrich and Hagquist articulated the concept of artificial DIF and showed that as an artifact of the MH method, real DIF in one item favoring one group inevitably induces artificial DIF favoring the other group in all other items. Using the dichotomous Rasch model in which the total score for a person is a sufficient statistic, and therefore justifies classifying persons by their total scores, Andrich and Hagquist showed that to distinguish between real and artificial DIF in an item identified by the MH method, a sequential procedure for resolving items is implied. Using the polytomous Rasch model, this article generalizes the concept of artificial DIF to polytomous items, in which multiple item parameters play a role. The article shows that the same principle of resolving items sequentially as with dichotomous items applies also to distinguishing between real and artificial DIF with polytomous items. A real example and a small simulated example that parallels the real example are used illustratively.
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| 3. |
- Bäckström, Anders, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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An enquiery about religion, analyzed by a nominal scale truncated component analysis
- 1981
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; :41, s. 717-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An investigation of 118 students of theology. The data from the investigation is analysed through "a truncated component analysis", in which only nominal data is used. Tschuprow*s T2 is used as correlation coefficiant. Eight easily identified factors are the result of the investigation.
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| 4. |
- Campitelli, Guillermo, et al.
(författare)
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Three Strategies for the Critical Use of Statistical Methods in Psychological Research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 77:5, s. 881-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present three strategies to replace the null hypothesis statistical significance testing approach in psychological research: (1) visual representation of cognitive processes and predictions, (2) visual representation of data distributions and choice of the appropriate distribution for analysis, and (3) model comparison. The three strategies have been proposed earlier, so we do not claim originality. Here we propose to combine the three strategies and use them not only as analytical and reporting tools but also to guide the design of research. The first strategy involves a visual representation of the cognitive processes involved in solving the task at hand in the form of a theory or model together with a representation of a pattern of predictions for each condition. The second approach is the GAMLSS approach, which consists of providing a visual representation of distributions to fit the data, and choosing the best distribution that fits the raw data for further analyses. The third strategy is the model comparison approach, which compares the model of the researcher with alternative models. We present a worked example in the field of reasoning, in which we follow the three strategies.
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| 5. |
- Eklöf, Hanna, 1974-
(författare)
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Development and validation of scores from an instrument measuring student test-taking motivation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : Sage publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 66:4, s. 643-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation as a basis, this study’s purpose is to develop, apply, and validate scores from a self-report instrument measuring student test-taking motivation. Sampled evidence of construct validity for the present sample indicates that a number of the items in the instrument could be used as an indicator of student test-taking motivation. Exploratory factor analyses suggests that the test-taking motivation construct is distinct from general attitudes toward a subject and that task value perceptions are distinct from task performance expectancies. The instrument needs further development to consolidate its psychometric properties and to laborate on the testtaking motivation construct in relation to the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation.
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| 6. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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The Need for Nuance in the Null Hypothesis Significance Testing Debate
- 2017
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 77:4, s. 616-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) provides an important statistical toolbox, but there are a number of ways in which it is often abused and misinterpreted, with bad consequences for the reliability and progress of science. Parts of contemporary NHST debate, especially in the psychological sciences, is reviewed, and a suggestion is made that a new distinction between strongly, weakly, and very weakly anti-NHST positions is likely to bring added clarity to the debate.
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| 7. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, et al.
(författare)
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A Piagetian scale for the measurement of ethical competence in politics
- 1998
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 58:5, s. 791-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Politicians' ethical competence is defined as the use of a cognitive ability, independent of particular political, ideological, or moral values. Accordingly, an assessment instrument-the Ethical Competence Questionnaire-Political (ECQ-P)-measuring ethical autonomy was constructed, based on Piaget's theory of moral development. The administration of ECQ-P to politicians with a high degree of political engagement, and on ordinary citizens and simple party members, demonstrated satisfying psychometric properties. The former group obtained a higher score on ECQ-P. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the measurement model is compatible with the data. These findings indicate the adequacy of ECQ-P as an instrument measuring ethical competence.
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| 8. |
- Sorjonen, K, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the Effect of a Predictor When Controlling for Baseline
- 2019
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Ingår i: Educational and psychological measurement. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-3888 .- 0013-1644. ; 79:4, s. 688-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present simulation study indicates that a method where the regression effect of a predictor (X) on an outcome at follow-up (Y1) is calculated while adjusting for the outcome at baseline (Y0) can give spurious findings, especially when there is a strong correlation between X and Y0 and when the test–retest correlation between Y0 and Y1 is relatively weak. Researchers wishing to avoid spurious findings and Type 1 errors should be aware of this phenomenon and are recommended to verify found effects by an unadjusted effect of X on the Y1–Y0 difference.
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| 9. |
- Vegelius, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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On the use of the G index in O-, P-, R-. S-, and T-analyses
- 1979
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 39:4, s. 707-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of using the G index and its generalizations in the six basic factor analytic designs is discussed. For O- and Q-analyses G should be used if there is no mutual direction of all the variables, as G is invariant over variable reflection. In all the six designs G should also be used if the scale centre is more suitable as a reference point than the mean value.
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| 10. |
- Vegelius, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Polari, a Fortran IV program for measures of attitudinal polarization
- 1976
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Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 36:3, s. 717-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two major purposes of this paper were: (1) to describe the theoretical background underlying the mathematical development of different measures of the degree of attitudinal polarization applicable to bipolar questions and (2) to outline a small FORTRAN IV program POLARI that provides a rapid means for calculation of four of these measures.
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