| 1. |
- Andrews, Paul, 1954-
(författare)
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Comparative studies of mathematics teachers’ observable learning objectives : validating low inference codes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 71:2, s. 97-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Videotape is an increasingly used tool in cross-national studies of mathematics teaching. However, the means by which videotaped lessons are coded and analysed remains an underdeveloped area with scholars adopting substantially different approaches to the task. In this paper we present an approach based on generic descriptors of mathematics learning objectives. Exploiting live observations in five European countries, the descriptors were developed in a bottom-up recursive manner for application to videotaped lessons from four of these countries, Belgium (Flanders), England, Hungary and Spain. The analyses showed not only that the descriptors were consistently operationalised but also that they facilitated the identification of both similarities and differences in the ways in which teachers conceptualise and present mathematics that resonated with the available literature. In so doing we make both methodological and theoretical contributions to comparative mathematics research in general and debates concerning the national mathematics teaching script in particular.
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| 2. |
- Andrews, Paul, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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PISA, TIMSS and Finnish mathematics teaching : an enigma in search of an explanation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 87:1, s. 7-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finnish students’ success on all three content domains of each of the four cycles ofthe OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has created muchinternational interest. It has also prompted Finnish academics to offer systemic explanationstypically linked to the structural qualities of Finnish schooling and teacher education. Lesswell-known has been the modest mathematics performance of Finnish grade 8 students on thetwo Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in which Finland hasparticipated, which, when compared with its PISA successes, has created something of anenigma. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on this enigma through analyses of Finnishmathematics classroom practice that draw on two extant data sets—interviews with Finnishteacher educators and video-recordings of sequences of lessons taught on standard topics. Dueto the international interest in Finnish PISA success, the analyses focus primarily on theresonance between classroom practice and the mathematical literacy component of the PISAassessment framework. The analyses indicate that Finnish mathematics didactics are morelikely to explain the modest TIMSS achievements than PISA successes and allude to severalfactors thought to be unique to the Finns, which, unrelated to mathematics teaching practices,may be contributory to the repeated Finnish PISA successes. Some implications for policyborrowingare discussed.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist, Helene, 1954-
(författare)
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Secularization and Empowerment. Four Poems on Theodicy : The Enlightenment Debate at the European Centre and the Swedish Periphery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Edda. Nordisk tidsskrift for litteraturforskning. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 0013-0818 .- 1500-1989. ; 105:1, s. 29-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses four 18th-century poems on the issues of theodicy and a moral world order, which were central to Enlightenment discourse and to figureheads such as Bayle, Leibniz, Voltaire and Hume. Theodicy was discussed in the leading countries of culture, England and France, as well as in peripheral countries like Switzerland and Sweden. The main focus is on the Swedish poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. A comparison of Nordenflycht’s poems with those of Pope, von Haller and Voltaire makes clear that Nordenflycht actively engaged with the works of these leading figures, thus contributing to the worldview debate in the Enlightenment era.
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| 4. |
- Rydenhag, Bertil, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction - Pediatric epilepsy surgery techniques
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : Wiley. - 0013-9580. ; 58:S1, s. 7-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This supplement includes the proceedings from the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Techniques Meeting held in Gothenburg (July 4–5, 2014), which focused on presentations and discussions regarding specific surgical technical issues in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Pediatric epilepsy neurosurgeons from all over the world were present and active in very fruitful and live presentations and discussions. These articles represent a synopsis of the areas and subjects dealt with there. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International League Against Epilepsy
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| 5. |
- Erixon, Per-Olof, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ personal epistemologies and professional development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Further and Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 0309-877X .- 0013-1326. ; 47:3, s. 311-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the personal epistemologies developed by teachers who undergo academic continuing education on an advanced level at a time when conflicting discourses form the basis of teaching in today’s school, i.e. academisation on one hand and measurability and accountability in the name of New Public Management on the other. To give the interviewed teachers in this study an opportunity to clarify and become more aware of their epistemologies and to assist in getting started, we initially presented concepts developed in an academic discourse: Hofer’s account of different, interrelated dimensions of ‘personal epistemologies’, clustered in two areas: the nature of knowledge, and the nature or process of knowing. As a result, we interpret the students’ epistemological beliefs through a professional perspective, i.e. as justification of the profession’s academisation. In their unhesitating confident trust in practitioners’ knowledge, as mainly acquired from experience in the field, they express a vocational habitus. One may thus assume that practitioners possess proven experiences, i.e. experience-based knowledge that they have acquired and that should be recognised and added to the knowledge base of the field in an academic and vertical discourse.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, John-Olov, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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A Body Weight Sensor Regulates Prepubertal Growth via the Somatotropic Axis in Male Rats
- 2021
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 162:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In healthy conditions, prepubertal growth follows an individual specific growth channel. Growth hormone (GH) is undoubtedly the major regulator of growth. However, the homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel during growth is unclear. We recently hypothesized a body weight sensing homeostatic regulation of body weight during adulthood, the gravitostat. We now investigated if sensing of body weight also contributes to the strict homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel during prepubertal growth. To evaluate the effect of increased artificial loading on prepubertal growth, we implanted heavy (20% of body weight) or light (2% of the body weight) capsules into the abdomen of 26-day-old male rats. The body growth, as determined by change in biological body weight and growth of the long bones and the axial skeleton, was reduced in rats bearing a heavy load compared with light load. Removal of the increased load resulted in a catch-up growth and a normalization of body weight. Loading decreased hypothalamic growth hormone releasing hormone mRNA, liver insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA, and serum IGF-1, suggesting that the reduced body growth was caused by a negative feedback regulation on the somatotropic axis and this notion was supported by the fact that increased loading did not reduce body growth in GH-treated rats. Based on these data, we propose the gravitostat hypothesis for the regulation of prepubertal growth. This states that there is a homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel via body weight sensing, regulating the somatotropic axis and explaining catch-up growth.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Annica, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of Experimental Arthritis and Associated Bone Loss by a Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 157:3, s. 1013-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to the systemic inflammation present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), decreased estradiol levels in postmenopausal RA patients further accelerate bone loss in these patients. The tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC), an estrogen combined with a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is a new hormone replacement therapy option. The first approved TSEC, containing conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene (BZA), reduces menopausal symptoms and prevents osteoporosis with an improved safety profile compared with conventional hormone replacement therapy. Previous studies have shown that estrogens strongly inhibit experimental arthritis whereas BZA is mildly suppressive. In this study the antiarthritic potential of combined BZA and estradiol is explored for the first time. Female ovariectomized DBA/1 mice were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis, an experimental postmenopausal RA model, and treated with BZA, 17β-estradiol (E2), combined BZA and E2 (BZA/E2), or vehicle. BZA/E2 suppressed arthritis severity and frequency, synovitis, and joint destruction, equally efficient as E2 alone. Unwanted estrogenic proliferative effects on the endometrium were blocked by the addition of BZA, determined by collecting uterine weights. Bone mineral density was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and all treatments protected collagen-induced arthritis mice from both trabecular and cortical bone loss. Moreover, BZA/E2, but not E2 alone, inhibited preosteoclast formation and reduced serum anticollagen type II antibodies. In conclusion, a TSEC, herein combined BZA/E2, suppresses experimental arthritis and prevents associated bone loss as efficiently as E2 alone but with minimal uterine effects, highlighting the need for clinical trials that evaluate the addition of a TSEC to conventional postmenopausal RA treatment.
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| 8. |
- Bjellvi, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of complications of epilepsy surgery and invasive diagnostic procedures: A proposed protocol and feasibility study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : Wiley. - 0013-9580 .- 1528-1167. ; 62:11, s. 2685-2696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In epilepsy surgery, which aims to treat seizures and thereby to improve the lives of persons with drug-resistant epilepsy, the chances of attaining seizure relief must be carefully weighed against the risks of complications and expected adverse events. The interpretation of data regarding complications of epilepsy surgery and invasive diagnostic procedures is hampered by a lack of uniform definitions and method of data collection. Methods Based on a review of previous definitions and classifications of complications, we developed a proposal for a new classification. This proposal was then subject to revisions after expert opinion within E-pilepsy, an EU-funded European pilot network of reference centers in refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery, later incorporated into the ERN (European Reference Network) EpiCARE. This version was discussed with recognized experts, and a final protocol was agreed to after further revision. The final protocol was evaluated in practical use over 1 year in three of the participating centers. One hundred seventy-four consecutive procedures were included with 35 reported complications. Results This report presents a multidimensional classification of complications in epilepsy surgery and invasive diagnostic procedures, where complications are characterized in terms of their immediate effects, resulting permanent symptoms, and consequences on activities of daily living. Significance We propose that the protocol will be helpful in the work to promote safety in epilepsy surgery and for future studies designed to identify risk factors for complications. Further work is needed to address the reporting of outcomes as regards neuropsychological function, activities of daily living, and quality of life.
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| 9. |
- Blumcke, I., et al.
(författare)
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International recommendation for a comprehensive neuropathologic workup of epilepsy surgery brain tissue: A consensus Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods
- 2016
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : Wiley. - 0013-9580. ; 57:3, s. 348-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment in many patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsies. An early decision for surgical therapy is facilitated by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)visible brain lesion congruent with the electrophysiologically abnormal brain region. Recent advances in the pathologic diagnosis and classification of epileptogenic brain lesions are helpful for clinical correlation, outcome stratification, and patient management. However, application of international consensus classification systems to common epileptic pathologies (e.g., focal cortical dysplasia [FCD] and hippocampal sclerosis [HS]) necessitates standardized protocols for neuropathologic workup of epilepsy surgery specimens. To this end, the Task Force of Neuropathology from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on Diagnostic Methods developed a consensus standard operational procedure for tissue inspection, distribution, and processing. The aims are to provide a systematic framework for histopathologic workup, meeting minimal standards and maximizing current and future opportunities for morphofunctional correlations and molecular studies for both clinical care and research. Whenever feasible, anatomically intact surgical specimens are desirable to enable systematic analysis in selective hippocampectomies, temporal lobe resections, and lesional or nonlesional neocortical samples. Correct orientation of sample and the sample's relation to neurophysiologically aberrant sites requires good communication between pathology and neurosurgical teams. Systematic tissue sampling of 5-mm slabs along a defined anatomic axis and application of a limited immunohistochemical panel will ensure a reliable differential diagnosis of main pathologies encountered in epilepsy surgery.
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| 10. |
- Cukiert, A., et al.
(författare)
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Technical aspects of pediatric epilepsy surgery: Report of a multicenter, multinational web-based survey by the ILAE Task Force on Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery
- 2016
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Ingår i: Epilepsia. - : Wiley. - 0013-9580 .- 1528-1167. ; 57:2, s. 194-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical techniques may vary extensively between centers. We report on a web-based survey aimed at evaluating the current technical approaches in different centers around the world performing epilepsy surgery in children. The intention of the survey was to establish technical standards. A request was made to 88 centers to complete a web-based survey comprising 51 questions. There were 14 questions related to general issues, 13 questions investigating the different technical aspects for children undergoing epilepsy surgery, and 24 questions investigating surgical strategies in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Fifty-two centers covering a wide geographic representation completed the questionnaire. The median number of resective procedures per center per year was 47. Some important technical practices appeared (>80% of the responses) such as the use of prophylactic antibiotics (98%), the use of high-speed drills for bone opening (88%), nonresorbable material for bone flap closure (85%), head fixation (90%), use of the surgical microscope (100%), and of free bone flaps. Other questions, such as the use of drains, electrocorticography (ECoG) and preoperative withdrawal of valproate, led to mixed, inconclusive results. Complications were noted in 3.8% of the patients submitted to cortical resection, 9.9% hemispheric surgery, 5% callosotomy, 1.8% depth electrode implantation, 5.9% subdural grids implantation, 11.9% hypothalamic hamartoma resection, 0.9% vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and 0.5% deep brain stimulation. There were no major differences across regions or countries in any of the subitems above. The present data offer the first overview of the technical aspects of pediatric epilepsy surgery worldwide. Surprisingly, there seem to be more similarities than differences. That aside many of the evaluated issues should be examined by adequately designed multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Further knowledge on these technical issues might lead to increased standardization and lower costs in the future, as well as definitive practice guidelines.
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