| 1. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of dopamine uptake sites labeled with [3H]GBR-12935 in Alzheimer's disease.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 30:4, s. 181-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to postmortem putamen from a control group and patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or vascular dementia (VD) was studied. The binding density (Bmax) in AD/SDAT was significantly reduced to 50% of control. A reduction of Bmax in VD was also noted, but it did not reach statistical significance. No differences in apparent binding affinity (Kd) between controls and dementia groups were obtained. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid were also determined. The concentrations of DA and DOPAC were reduced by 30-40% in AD/SDAT and VD, but the reductions did not reach statistical significance. The concentration of 3-MT was reduced by 40% in AD/SDAT and by 30% in VD. The [3H]GBR-12935-binding densities correlated significantly with corresponding concentrations of DA in control brains. It is suggested that the loss of [3H]GBR-12935-binding sites in human putamen in AD/SDAT reflects a degeneration of dopamine neurites.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergendal, G., et al.
(författare)
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Selective decline in information processing in subgroups of multiple sclerosis : An 8-year longitudinal study
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 57:4, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes white matter and cortical lesions over many years. The CNS is selectively affected by the disease with a great variety of symptoms between patients. In this study, we describe the impact on various aspects of cognition over an 8-year follow-up period in 31 consecutive MS patients subgrouped as relapsing remitting (RR) MS, secondary progressive (SP) MS, and primary progressive (PP) MS. Results showed a differential pattern of cognitive decline already at baseline in speed of information processing. During the follow-up, a pronounced decline occurred in speed of information processing, finger-motor speed, copying geometrical designs, episodic memory, and visuospatial short-term memory. A striking difference was observed between a marked decline in visual reaction time, whereas no significant change was seen in auditory reaction time. In contrast, there was no time-related decline in verbal abilities. However, an initial marked cognitive impairment predicted further cognitive decline over the 8-year follow-up. Information-processing tests were found to be an especially strong predictor of long-term cognitive decline. In addition, high EDSS score at followup was associated with decline in information processes. Results also showed that SP-MS patients deteriorated significantly more than the other two groups, particularly in visual compared to auditory information processing. To conclude, cognitive decline appeared particularly in SP-MS patients and in visual information processing.
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| 4. |
- Blogg, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathology findings in the goat nervous system following hyperbaric exposures
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 52:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Divers may be at risk of long-term CNS damage from non-symptomatic hyperbaric exposure. We investigated the effect of severe, controlled hyperbaric exposure on a group of healthy goats with similar histories. Thirty goats were exposed to various dive profiles over a period of 5 years, with 17 experiencing decompression sickness (DCS). Brains were scanned using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques. The animals were then culled and grossly examined, with the brain and spinal cord sent for neuropathological examination. No significant correlation was found between age, years diving, DCS or exposure to pressure with MR-detectable lesions in the brain, or with neuropathological lesions in the brain or spinal cord. However, spinal scarring was noted in 3 animals that had suffered from spinal DCS.
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| 5. |
- Bomhof, M, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of rizatriptan 10 mg vs. naratriptan 2.5 mg in migraine
- 1999
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Ingår i: European neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 42:3, s. 173-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rizatriptan (MAXALT<sup>TM</sup>, Merck & Co., Inc.) is a selective 5-HT<sub>1B/1D</sub> receptor agonist with rapid oral absorption and early onset of action for the acute treatment of migraine. This randomized, double-masked, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study compared rizatriptan 10 mg to naratriptan (NARAMIG<sup>TM</sup>, AMERGE<sup>TM</sup>, both Glaxo Wellcome plc) 2.5 mg in 522 patients treating a single migraine attack. Rizatriptan was more effective than naratriptan. Rizatriptan provided earlier headache relief than naratriptan (hazard ratio 1.62, p < 0.001), acting as early as 30 min. More patients were pain free at 2 h on rizatriptan than on naratriptan (44.8 vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Rizatriptan also provided earlier relief of associated migraine symptoms within 2 h than naratriptan and more patients had normal function at 2 h (39.3 vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001). Both active treatments were effective compared to placebo. Both active treatments were well tolerated. The most common side effects with rizatriptan were dizziness, asthenia/fatigue, nausea and somnolence, while the most common side effects with naratriptan were dizziness and asthenia/fatigue.
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| 6. |
- Brooks, D J, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of end-of-dose wearing-off in Parkinson's disease: Stalevo (R) (levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone) and levodopa/DDCI given in combination with Comtess (R)/Comtan (R) (Entacapone) provide equivalent improvements in symptom control superior to that of traditional levodopa/DDCI treatment
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9913 .- 0014-3022. ; 53:4, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the new optimised levoclopa, Stalevo(R) (levoclopa, carbidopa and entacapone) in patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing end-of-close wearing-off. Treatment with Stalevo was compared to treatment with traditional immediate-release levodopa and dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCl) formulations along with adjunct entacapone (Comtess(R)/Comtan(R)). A European, open, parallel-group, active treatment-controlled phase IIIb study evaluating 176 patients randomised to switch from their current regimen of levodopa/DDCl to either an equivalent dose of Stalevo or levodopa/DDCl plus entacapone. After 6 weeks, treatments were assessed using the Clinical Global Impression of Change, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and a Motor Fluctuations Questionnaire. Over 70% of patients in both the Stalevo, and adjunct entacapone arms felt that they were clinically improved and over 80% experienced a reduction in fluctuations. Although there was no significant difference between Stalevo and levodopa/DDCl plus entacapone with regard to motor improvement and side effects, 81% of patients stated that they preferred treatment with Stalevo compared with taking two separate tablets (i.e. levodopa/DDCl and entacapone). Stalevo was well tolerated and safe when substituted for levodopa DDCl preparations.
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| 7. |
- Delbari, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of methylphenidate and/or levodopa combined with physiotherapy on mood and cognition after stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: European neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9913 .- 0014-3022. ; 66:1, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background/Aim:</i> Stimulant medications can enhance mood and cognition in stroke rehabilitation, but human clinical trial results are inconclusive. We sought to prospectively study the effects of levodopa (LD) and/or methylphenidate (MPH) in combination with physiotherapy on mood and cognition following stroke in human subjects. <i>Methods:</i> Ischemic stroke patients were enrolled in our study 15 to 180 days after stroke onset. The patients were randomized into four medication groups (MPH, LD, MPH + LD, or placebo) and received a 15-day course of medication therapy (1 dose daily) and 45-min standard physiotherapy treatment daily. Mood and cognitive function were assessed at the study onset and 15, 90 and 180 days after study enrollment. <i>Results:</i> The strongest improvement of mood and cognition was found between baseline and the first follow-up immediately after the intervention. A significant improvement in mood was also found in the combined treatment group (MPH + LD) at 90 and 180 days, compared to the placebo group. <i>Conclusions:</i> A 15-day course of daily MPH + LD combined with physiotherapy over a 3-week period was safe and significantly improved mood status in ischemic stroke patients. Future studies are needed which determine the optimal therapeutic window for and dosage of psychostimulants as well as identify those stroke patients who might benefit the most from treatment.
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| 8. |
- Garpenstrand, H, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in stroke
- 1999
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Ingår i: European neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 41:1, s. 20-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) has been suggested to be involved in the development of vascular endothelial damage. The source of the soluble form of SSAO found in the blood serum is unknown. However, it has been speculated that it is secreted from cells within the vascular wall where high activity of the enzyme is found. Altered SSAO activity has been reported in atherosclerotic plaques of the human aorta. Stroke is a manifestation of long-term atherosclerotic disease, and in this study, plasma SSAO activities were estimated in 42 patients with cerebral thrombosis and 26 patients with cerebral embolism, and compared to two control groups of 45 individuals in total. No statistically significant differences were found between the patient groups and controls regarding plasma SSAO activity, suggesting that changes in the soluble form of SSAO found in the circulation do not play a major role in this type of acute cerebrovascular event. Furthermore, it does not seem likely that the involvement of vascular tissue occurring in stroke results in release of the enzyme into the circulation. Nevertheless, further studies on tissue-bound SSAO in cerebral vessels would be of great interest.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hammarén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Modified exercise test in screening for mitochondrial myopathies--adjustment of workload in relation to muscle strength.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European neurology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-3022 .- 1421-9913. ; 51:1, s. 38-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a modification of the bicycle ergometer test, the subanaerobic threshold exercise test (SATET), as a screening test for patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Since the original SATET is frequently found to be strenuous for weak patients, a new variable (relative muscle strength) was added to the workload formula. Plasma lactate levels were recorded at rest, then after 5 and 15 min of cycling on an ergometer, with constant workload. Nine patients with mitochondrial myopathy, 10 patients with other neuromuscular diseases and 9 healthy but sedentary volunteers undertook the test. An upper reference limit after exercise for plasma lactate was settled at 2.9 mmol/l. The modified SATET showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity compared to the healthy subjects of 100%. Compared to patients with other neuromuscular diseases, the specificity was lower (60%). All subjects completed the test without severe fatigue or pain.
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