| 1. |
- Al-Nawas, B, et al.
(författare)
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Severe versus local odontogenic bacterial infections: comparison of microbial isolates
- 2008
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921. ; 40:2, s. 220-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Aim:</i> It was the aim of this study to evaluate the clinical and microbiological differences between severe and local odontogenic abscesses. <i>Methods:</i> Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled. Sixteen of 30 patients suffered from a severe life-threatening abscess of the head and neck, whereas 14/30 patients presented with a localized submucous abscess. Anaerobic bacteria were identified and susceptibility testing was performed using E test strips for penicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, imipenem + cilastatin, clindamycin and metronidazole. <i>Results:</i> The mean duration until removal of all drains was 14.1 and 3.5 days, respectively. Anaerobic bacteria were found in all episodes of local abscesses, whereas 19% of the severe episodes were culture negative, and in 13%, only aerobes were identified. A total of 60 anaerobes were isolated from 27 patients (2.2 isolates/positive sample). The dominating species were <i>Prevotella </i>sp. (n = 17), <i>Peptostreptococcus </i>sp. (n = 15) and <i>Propionibacterium </i>sp. (n = 5). Eighty-seven percent of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Ninety-seven percent of the anaerobes were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, imipenem + cilastatin, and clindamycin. Eighty-three percent were susceptible to metronidazol. There was a tendency for a higher rate of episodes with penicillin-resistant bacteria in the patients with severe abscesses (14 vs. 31%). No difference in susceptibility regarding amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and clindamycin (7%) was observed.
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| 2. |
- Bagge, Jasmine, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosal Recovery after Intestinal Transplantation in the Rat: A Sequential Histological and Molecular Assessment
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 64:2, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Intestinal cold ischemia and subsequent reperfusion during transplantation result in various degrees of mucosal injury ranging from mild edema to extensive mucosal loss. Mucosal barrier impairment favours bacterial translocation and fluid loss and raises nutritional challenges. The injured intestine also releases proinflammatory mediators and upregulates various epitopes towards an inflammatory phenotype. We studied the process of mucosal injury and repair during the early period after intestinal transplantation from a histological and molecular standpoint.Materials and Methods Adult Sprague Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients. Donor intestines were perfused and stored in saline for 3 hours, then transplanted heterotopically using microvascular anastomoses. Intestinal graft segments were obtained after 20 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Histology studies (goblet cell count, morphometry), immunofluorescence and western blot for several tight junction proteins, apoptosis and inflammation related proteins were performed.Results Cold storage led to extensive epithelial detachment, whereas reperfusion resulted in extensive villus loss (about 60 % of the initial length) and goblet cell numbers were drastically reduced. Over the first 24 hours, gradual morphologic and molecular recovery was noted, although several molecular alterations persisted (increased apoptosis and inflammation, altered expression of several tight junctions).Conclusions The current data suggest that a near-complete morphologic recovery from a moderate mucosal injury occurs within the first 24 hours after intestinal transplantation. However, several molecular alterations persist and need to be considered when designing intestinal transplant experiments and choosing sampling and endpoints.
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| 3. |
- Berndsen, FH, et al.
(författare)
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Does mesh implantation affect the spermatic cord structures after inguinal hernia surgery? An experimental study in rats
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 36:5, s. 318-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inguinal hernia repair is the most common operation in general surgery. Prosthetic reinforcement of the inguinal area with polypropylene mesh has increased dramatically in the last decade. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different types of mesh affect the spermatic cord structures. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups. The spermatic cord was dissected free and a conventional suture repair was performed in group I, an operation mimicking the Lichtenstein operation with a heavyweight polypropylene mesh in group II and the same operation using large pore, lightweighted polypropylene/polyglactin composite mesh in group III. A vasography was performed after 90 days. The cross-sectional area of the vas deferens and s-testosterone from the spermatic vein were measured using the contralateral side as control. Light microscopy of the inguinal canal was performed and inflammation and fibrosis were graded. Results: Vasography revealed patent vas deferens in all animals. In group III, there was a lower s-testosterone in the spermatic vein and a reduced cross-sectional area of the vas deferens on the operated compared to the control side. However, there was no difference in the other groups and there was no significant difference in s-testosterone levels between the groups. There was significantly more inflammation and fibrosis after mesh repair compared to suture repair, but there was no difference between the two mesh groups. Unexpectedly, polyglactin fibres were still seen in specimens in group III after 90 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, the only effect on the spermatic cord structures in a rat model is seen as an impaired s-testosterone production and a reduced cross-sectional area of the vas deferens after use of a low-weight composite mesh compared to the control side. No difference in inflammation or fibrosis was found between heavyweight polypropylene mesh and low-weight composite mesh. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 4. |
- Blind, Per-Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Microdialysis in early detection of temporary pancreatic ischemia in a porcine model
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 49:3-4, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ischemic injury to the pancreas occurs in various clinical conditions. A method for online monitoring of pathophysiological events in pancreatic parenchyma is missing. Aims: To assess the timing of microdialysis (MD) technique response on temporary changes in pancreatic perfusion, and to evaluate the relationship between MD data and systemic markers of anaerobic metabolism and inflammation. Methods: In anaesthetized normoventilated pigs, MD probes were placed in right (control) and left (ischemic) pancreatic lobes, respectively. Following the clamping of the vessels, ischemia was verified by tissue oxygen tension (PtiO2) measurements. Results: PtiO2 decreased within 20 min after the clamping of the vessels, already returning to baseline levels at the first sampling point after the removal of the clamp. MD lactate levels increased, whereas pyruvate and glucose levels decreased at 20 min after the induction of ischemia. These trends continued until the end of ischemia and returned to baseline following reperfusion. Serum lactate, amylase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decreased throughout the protocol time. Conclusion: MD data were in concordance with changes in PtiO2, which is indicative of local anaerobic metabolism. MD allowed the detection of pathophysiological processes within the ischemic pancreas at a stage when no elevations of systemic markers of ischemia or inflammation were observed.
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| 5. |
- Blomquist, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Lung mechanics, gas exchange and central circulation during treatment of intra-abdominal hemorrhage with pneumatic anti-shock garment and intra-aortic balloon occlusion. An experimental study in pigs
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 26:4, s. 240-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standardized intra-abdominal hemorrhage was induced in 7 anesthetized pigs. The resulting hypovolemic shock was treated with pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG) followed by intra-aortic balloon occlusion. The effects of this treatment on circulation, lung mechanics and gas exchange were studied. Hemorrhage was induced by pulling out sutures introduced in the inferior caval vein. We found that the use of PASG partially restored mean arterial blood pressure from 44 +/- 6 to 66 +/- 6 mm Hg. When intraaortic balloon occlusion was added, the arterial pressure returned to basal levels. Cardiac output fell severely due to the hemorrhage from 3.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 liters/min and could not be restored during the treatment. A severe fall in total lung compliance was recorded after inflation of the PASG from 18.6 +/- 0.9 to 10 +/- 0.7 ml/cm H2O, this was accompanied by a fall in alveolar ventilation. These findings emphasize the severe restriction in lung function that occurred during treatment with PASG. Both parameters returned to near normal values when the PASG was deflated and the intra-aortic balloon was inflated. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased by more than 400% and remained high during the study period. There was no change in arterial PO2, however the fall in mixed venous PO2 caused by hemorrhage was reversed at the end of the treatment. Indirect monitoring of cerebral function by continuous EEG showed a decreased voltage during the hemorrhage, this was reversed by the combined treatment. We conclude that the outlined treatment makes it possible to restore central hemodynamics and preserve cerebral function at least for a short period of time until definite surgical treatment can be performed. However, severe restriction on lung mechanics, especially when PASG was inflated, makes it probable that ventilatory support can be necessary in such cases.
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| 6. |
- Bläckberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the release of tissue kallikrein in experimental pancreatitis in the pig
- 1994
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 26:2, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activation of the kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be one of the pathophysiological factors in acute pancreatitis. A radioimmunoassay for porcine, pancreatic tissue kallikrein was developed and used to measure levels in normal plasma and peritoneal fluid and in experimental, bile-induced (group A) and bile trypsin-induced (group B) acute pancreatitis in the pig. Normal porcine plasma and peritoneal fluid contained about 2.17 +/- 0.11 and 1.91 +/- 0.19 microgram/l (SEM) tissue kallikrein, respectively. In experimental, acute pancreatitis there was a rapid rise in the plasma level of tissue kallikrein, followed by a slow increase to a final value of about 150% of the normal plasma level in both groups. In the peritoneal exudate a large increase (200-fold in group A and 2,000-fold in group B) in tissue kallikrein was seen, with a maximum within about 1/3 of the survival time, followed by a slow decrease until death in group B. In group A a smaller second peak was seen at about 2/3 of the survival time. Gelfiltration of peritoneal exudates showed complexes with alpha 1-, alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 1 alpha 2-M), and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and a large portion of free tissue kallikrein. The complexes with alpha 1 alpha 2-M and the free tissue kallikrein were found to be enzymatically active when tested on chromogenic tripeptide substrate. The presence of large amounts of free and active tissue kallikrein in the peritoneal exudate leads us to the conclusion that tissue kallikrein may be a major cause of local release of kinins in acute pancreatitis.
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| 7. |
- Cheng, BQ, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic cancer cells expressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α tend to be adjacent to intratumoral blood vessels
- 2010
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Ingår i: European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9921. ; 45:3-4, s. 134-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether cells expressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are specially related to blood vessels in human pancreatic tumors. HIF-1α and blood vessels were stained in 7 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and 3 nonmalignant tumors. HIF-1α<sup>+</sup> cells accounted for 37 ± 5% of the total PDAC cells and increased to 52 ± 4% in perivascular PDAC cells and to 67 ± 4% in PDAC cells found in intratumoral blood vessels. In nonmalignant tumors, 12 ± 3% of the total tumoral cells examined were HIF-1α<sup>+</sup>, and HIF-1α<sup>+</sup> cells decreased to 2 ± 0.3% in perivascular cells examined in the tumors. In conclusion, HIF-1α<sup>+</sup> cells in PDAC and nonmalignant pancreatic tumors differ not only in their amounts but also in their relation to intratumoral blood vessels. HIF-1α<sup>+</sup> cells usually are adjacent to intratumoral blood vessels in PDAC tumors, but are farther away from the vessels in nonmalignant pancreatic tumors.
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| 8. |
- Du, Feifei, et al.
(författare)
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Microvascular Mechanisms of Polyphosphate-Induced Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Interactions in vivo
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 60:1-2, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Polyphosphates (PolyPs) have been reported to exert pro-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating PolyP-provoked tissue accumulation of leukocytes are not known. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the role of specific adhesion molecules in PolyP-mediated leukocyte recruitment. Methods: PolyPs and TNF-α were intrascrotally administered, and anti-P-selectin, anti-E-selectin, anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), anti-membrane-activated complex-1 (Mac-1), anti-lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1), and neutrophil depletion antibodies were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally. Intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster microcirculation was used to examine leukocyte-endothelium interactions and recruitment in vivo. Results: Intrascrotal injection of PolyPs increased leukocyte accumulation. Depletion of neutrophils abolished PolyP-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions, indicating that neutrophils were the main leukocyte subtype responding to PolyP challenge. Immunoneutralization of P-selectin and PSGL-1 abolished PolyP-provoked neutrophil rolling, adhesion, and emigration. Moreover, immunoneutralization of Mac-1 and LFA-1 had no impact on neutrophil rolling but markedly reduced neutrophil adhesion and emigration evoked by PolyPs. Conclusion: These results suggest that P-selectin and PSGL-1 exert important roles in PolyP-induced inflammatory cell recruitment by mediating neutrophil rolling. In addition, our data show that Mac-1 and LFA-1 are necessary for supporting PolyP-triggered firm adhesion of neutrophils to microvascular endothelium. These novel findings define specific molecules as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in PolyP-dependent inflammatory diseases. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
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| 9. |
- Dunjić, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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The rat gastric phospholipids : Increased in ulcerated mucosa and decreased after healing
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 25:6, s. 376-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition and content of the gastric phospholipids were followed during development and healing of indometha-cin-induced chronic, antral ulcers in rats. The individual phospholipids were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric analysis of phosphate. No changes were found in phospholipid composition and content after a 24-hour fast or during the first 24 h after indomethacin was given. The total phospholipid content and the content of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were increased on the 5th day, when chronic ulcers were established. After 4 weeks, when the ulcers were healed, the total phospholipid content, and content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively, were decreased, while the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was increased. In conclusion, the composition and content of gastric phospholipids were altered in rats with ulcers as well as in rats with healed ulcers.
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| 10. |
- Elec, F. I., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients: An East-European Perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 63:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present study examined whether patient characteristics, management, and outcome of kidney transplant recipients (KTx) with COVID-19 changed in the second versus the first pandemic wave. Methods: We reviewed all available data (demographics, medical history, comorbidities, therapeutic interventions, and outcome) on our KTx with COVID-19 during the first wave (March-September 2020, n = 33) and the second wave (October 2020-February 2021, n = 149) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: One hundred eighty-two out of our 1,503 KTx in active follow-up got COVID-19 during 12-month period, corresponding to a prevalence of 12.1%. No difference was found in age, gender distribution, comorbidities, body mass index, or baseline immunosuppression between the 2 COVID-19 waves. Bilateral COVID pneumonia was more frequent during the first wave. More KTx were managed as outpatients during the second wave (15 vs. 39%, p < 0.01). Calcineurin inhibitors were more sparingly reduced during the second wave, whereas antimetabolites were similarly reduced (91 vs. 86, p = ns). Admission to intensive care units was comparable between the first (27%) and second waves (23%). During the first wave, 8 out of 9 patients (89%) requiring intensive care died, whereas the mortality of the ICU patients in the second wave was 68% (23 deaths) (p = 0.2). The overall mortality was 24% during the first wave and 16% during the second wave (p = 0.21), while in-hospital mortality was identical between the CO-VID-19 waves (27%). Increasing age and poor allograft function were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Most patient characteristics and outcome were comparable between the first 2 COVID-19 waves. More KTx were managed as outpatients without an overall negative impact on outcome.
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