| 1. |
- Ariel, Barak, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences and Reporting of Unwanted Sexual Behaviors on Great Britain’s Rail Network : A Survey of Victims and Witnesses with an Embedded Randomized Vignette Experiment on Callback Effects
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Victims & Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; , s. 1-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unwanted-sexual-behaviors (USBs) on Great Britain’s rail network, though often seen as “lesser-harm” incidents, have profound psychological, emotional, and behavioral impacts on victims and witnesses. A national survey reveals these effects, highlighting the traumatizing effect of USBs, even years later. Victims share their dissatisfaction with reporting USBs and the need for empathetic communication in victim recovery and trust in authorities. The study also examines the impact of reassurance callbacks from police. While a single callback enhanced perceptions of safety and police effectiveness, multiple callbacks were favored, suggesting their potential to improve victim support and confidence in law enforcement responses to USBs.
|
|
| 2. |
- Habibi, Shiva, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Car fleet policy evaluation: The case of bonus-malus schemes in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-8318 .- 1556-8334. ; 13:1, s. 51-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we evaluate the bonus-malus schemes proposed by governmental investigation in Sweden in 2014. The objective was to reach the target of maximum 95 g/km of average emissions for new car sales by 2020. Two bonus-malus schemes along with several other policies were introduced in different scenarios as measures to reach the target. The scenarios differ in design regarding bonus-malus schemes, vehicle circulation tax, clean car premiums, company car benefits tax, and fuel tax. Both private and company car segments are targeted in these scenarios. We use a nested logit model for car type choice to predict the effects of the proposed policy scenarios on Swedish new car sales. Moreover, we introduce a methodology to predict the future of car supply. Our model results show that none of the three proposed policy scenarios is successful enough to meet the average emissions target. Furthermore, although the number of electric, plug-in hybrid, and alternative fuel cars will increase, new car sales will still be dominated by fossil-fueled cars in all scenarios. The average emissions in the scenarios containing bonus-malus schemes are not lower than that of the business-as-usual scenario. However, introducing bonus-malus schemes on its own would reduce emissions showing that interacting with other non--differentiated policies counteracts their effects. Moreover, bonus-malus schemes are predicted to give a budget surplus effect.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Violence in the Rural Global South : Trends, Patterns, and Tales From the Brazilian Countryside
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0734-0168 .- 1556-3839. ; 42:3, s. 270-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to discuss the trends and nature of rural violence in Brazil. Assuming the hypothesis of an increase in violence rates, urban–rural violence rates are compared at three geographical levels: national (Brazil), state (São Paulo), and municipal (Rio Claro). The study combines the analyses of official statistics with newspaper reports, videos, and articles published by the national media. Findings indicate an increase in violence in rural areas in recent decades but such a rise is far from homogenous across the country; it shows links to patterns of population change, economic expansion, and organized crime. Although violence has long being an inherent characteristic of rural Brazil—a place of conflicts and struggles—it is argued here that the more recent rise in violence is distinct from the past, at least in its portrayal by the media. The article finalizes by suggesting a research agenda to improve the understanding of the dynamics of violence in the Brazilian context.
|
|
| 6. |
- Odenstedt, Jacob, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Spinal cord stimulation effects on myocardial ischemia, infarct size, ventricular arrhythmia, and noninvasive electrophysiology in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Heart Rhythm. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-3871 .- 1547-5271. ; Jan:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death can be reduced by modulation of autonomic tone. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) presumably affects autonomic tone and reduces myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SCS could reduce myocardial ischemia, infarct size, and ventricular arrhythmias as well as repolarization alterations in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model. METHODS: Anesthetized common Landrace pigs were randomized to SCS (n = 10) or sham treatment (n = 10) before, during, and after 45 minutes of coronary occlusion. Area at risk, infarct size, and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Continuous three-dimensional vectorcardiograms was recorded and analyzed with respect to ECG intervals, ST-segment, and T-vector and T-vector-loop morphology. RESULTS: SCS was associated with significantly (P <.04) fewer episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT), particularly during mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (SCS vs non-SCS; NSVT, mid- and proximal LAD: 0 vs 22 and 45 vs 72; SVT, mid- and proximal LAD: 3 vs 15 and 5 vs 5). No difference in ventricular fibrillation episodes was observed. The SCS group had significantly less ST elevation (P <.03) but similar area at risk, infarct size, and ratio of infarct size/area at risk. Ischemia induced increases of T(amplitude) and T(area) suggesting increased repolarization gradients, which were significantly reduced by SCS (P <.01 for both). CONCLUSION: SCS appears to have an antiarrhythmic effect on spontaneous NSVT and SVT during ischemia-reperfusion in association with a reduction of repolarization alterations. Vectorcardiography signs of myocardial ischemia were reduced by SCS, but this intervention was not accompanied by any effect on infarct size.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Crimes Against Animal Production : Exploring the use of Media Archives
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 1057-5677 .- 1556-3855. ; 31:4, s. 384-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish media have revealed an increase in crimes against animal production (CAAP) in the last decade. We investigate the nature of such crimes (especially against mink, pig, and rabbit farms), with a focus on those crimes whose suspects are animal rights groups by utilizing data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. Newspaper articles show that while vandalism and trespassing are often committed against mink farms, property crimes occur more often against pig and rabbit farms. Because there are indications that crime suspects are not a homogeneous group and express different motivations to commit CAAP, a multipronged approach is needed to prevent CAAP. The use of newspaper articles from media archives has proven to be successful for obtaining a general perspective of CAAP, but it is limited for capturing crime incidence or for investigating CAAP spatiotemporal nature when using geographical information systems. The automated usage of digital media archives should be further explored and critically assessed in future research in criminology.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-
(författare)
-
Eyes and Apps on the Streets : From Surveillance to Sousveillance Using Smartphones
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0734-0168 .- 1556-3839. ; 44:1, s. 25-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the concept of surveillance by assessing the nature of data gathered by users of a smartphone-based tool (app) developed in Sweden to assist citizens in reporting incidents in public spaces. This article first illustrates spatial and temporal patterns of records gathered over 9 months in Stockholm County using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to exemplify the process of sousveillance via app. Then, the experiences of user group members, collected using an app-based survey, are analyzed. Findings show that the incident reporting app is more often used to report an incident and less often to prevent it. Preexistent social networks in neighborhoods are fundamental for widespread adoption of the app, often used as a tool in Neighborhood Watch schemes in high-crime areas. Although the potentialities of using app data are open, these results call for more in-depth evaluations of smartphone data for safety interventions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lethal Violence in Brazil : A Systematic Review of Portuguese-Language Literature From 2000 to 2020
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Open. - 0734-0168 .- 1556-3839. ; , s. 1-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reviewing national literature on homicides in Brazil, this article explores questions that relate to the nature, trends, determinants, and impact of these crimes on society, as well as interventions to combat this type of violence. The article contributes to the international literature by reviewing and critically discussing a sample of 112 theses on homicides from the Portuguese-language literature using the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations from 2000 to 2020. Highlighting an issue that primarily affects young, poor Black men, the article helps advocate for a better understanding of other types of lethal violence that affect women, LGBQTI and other minorities. The article calls for a better understanding of the role of the state, the police and other criminal justice actors as generators and/or controllers of violence, as well as the need for other perspectives on homicide prevention, which include the microsituational aspects of killing, organized crime, and interaction between the individual and the environment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-
(författare)
-
Special Issue : Crime and Control in the Digital Era
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0734-0168 .- 1556-3839. ; 44:1, s. 5-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the digital age, “eyes” are complemented by technologies such as smartphones, “apps,” or body worn cameras, giving expression to new ways of depicting what happens in public space. This special issue (SI) brings together five articles that characterize the nature of control, surveillance, and guardianship in the context of today’s technological advancements. The articles help inform criminology by reporting on examples and impacts of technologies as well as by providing a better understanding of how the massive use of these technologies and new practices might be just redefining public space.
|
|
