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| 2. |
- Assran, By Mahmoud, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in Asynchronous Parallel and Distributed Optimization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 108:11, s. 2013-2031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by large-scale optimization problems arising in the context of machine learning, there have been several advances in the study of asynchronous parallel and distributed optimization methods during the past decade. Asynchronous methods do not require all processors to maintain a consistent view of the optimization variables. Consequently, they generally can make more efficient use of computational resources than synchronous methods, and they are not sensitive to issues like stragglers (i.e., slow nodes) and unreliable communication links. Mathematical modeling of asynchronous methods involves proper accounting of information delays, which makes their analysis challenging. This article reviews recent developments in the design and analysis of asynchronous optimization methods, covering both centralized methods, where all processors update a master copy of the optimization variables, and decentralized methods, where each processor maintains a local copy of the variables. The analysis provides insights into how the degree of asynchrony impacts convergence rates, especially in stochastic optimization methods.
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| 3. |
- Besselink, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-Physical Control of Road Freight Transport
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : IEEE. - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 104:5, s. 1128-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transportation is of outmost importance in our society and is continuously increasing. At the same time, transporting goods on roads accounts for about 26% of the total energy consumption and 18% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Despite the influence the transportation system has on our energy consumption and the environment, road transportation is mainly done by individual long-haulage trucks with no real-time coordination or global optimization. In this paper, we review how modern information and communication technology supports a cyber-physical transportation system architecture with an integrated logistic system coordinating fleets of trucks traveling together in vehicle platoons. From the reduced air drag, platooning trucks traveling close together can save about 10% of their fuel consumption. Utilizing road grade information and vehicle-to-vehicle communication, a safe and fuel-optimized cooperative look-ahead control strategy is implemented on top of the existing cruise controller. By optimizing the interaction between vehicles and platoons of vehicles, it is shown that significant improvements can be achieved. An integrated transport planning and vehicle routing in the fleet management system allows both small and large fleet owners to benefit from the collaboration. A realistic case study with 200 heavy-duty vehicles performing transportation tasks in Sweden is described. Simulations show overall fuel savings at more than 5% thanks to coordinated platoon planning. It is also illustrated how well the proposed cooperative look-ahead controller for heavy-duty vehicle platoons manages to optimize the velocity profiles of the vehicles over a hilly segment of the considered road network.
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| 4. |
- Buehrer, R. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Sensor Network Localization: Algorithms and Practical Issues
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - 1558-2256 .- 0018-9219. ; 106:6, s. 1089-1114
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging communication network applications including fifth-generation (5G) cellular and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) will almost certainly require location information at as many network nodes as possible. Given the energy requirements and lack of indoor coverage of Global Positioning System (GPS), collaborative localization appears to be a powerful tool for such networks. In this paper, we survey the state of the art in collaborative localization with an eye toward 5G cellular and IoT applications. In particular, we discuss theoretical limits, algorithms, and practical challenges associated with collaborative localization based on range-based as well as range-angle-based techniques.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Miaoxiang
(författare)
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Printed electrochemical devices using conducting polymers as active materials on flexible substrates
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 93:7, s. 1339-1347, s. 1339-1347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports some of our initial works in pursuit of a simple and low-cost method of fabricating all-organic electrochemical diodes, triodes, and transistors on flexible plastic or paper substrates. Conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), utilized as an active component, is deposited by spin-coating or printing techniques. The devices are directly fabricated from design without the need for masks, patterns, or dies. The output characteristics of both half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits from two-terminal diodes show stable performances at frequencies below 5 Hz. In three-terminal tunable triodes, threshold voltage can be tuned in the range between 0.25 and 1.6 V In Jour-terminal transistors, ambipolar operation function can be realized in one single device. I-ON/I-OFF current ratios of 10(3)-10(4) have been achieved in the triode and transistor at operating voltages below 3 V In addition, the device applications in electrochromic displays, logical circuits, as well as the switching speed of the circuits and device stability, are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Tingsu, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-Torque and Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 104:10, s. 1919-1945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the state of the art in spin-torque and spin-Hall-effect-driven nano-oscillators. After a brief introduction to the underlying physics, the authors discuss different implementations of these oscillators, their functional properties in terms of frequency range, output power, phase noise, and modulation rates, and their inherent propensity for mutual synchronization. Finally, the potential for these oscillators in a wide range of applications, from microwave signal sources and detectors to neuromorphic computation elements, is discussed together with the specific electronic circuitry that has so far been designed to harness this potential.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Tingsu, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-Torque and Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the state of the art in spin-torque and spin Hall effect driven nano-oscillators. After a brief introduction to the underlying physics, the authors discuss different implementations of these oscillators, their functional properties in terms of frequency range, output power, phase noise, and modulation rates, and their inherent propensity for mutual synchronization. Finally, the potential for these oscillators in a wide range of applications, from microwave signal sources and detectors to neuromorphic computation elements, is discussed together with the specific electronic circuitry that has so far been designed to harness this potential.
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| 8. |
- Chertkov, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Multienergy Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 108:9, s. 1387-1391
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Special Issue on Multienergy Systems is motivated by the tremendous changes and opportunities in integrated planning, operation, and modeling of the energy systems, including electric, natural gas, and district heating-cooling systems together with the demand side. Traditionally, the role of electric power has been regarded as an energy carrier between the power plants and the consumers. Consequently, the focus of power system analysis, planning, and operation has been limited to those parts of the system that are between the electrical side of the power generators and the power outlets of the consumers. By expanding the system boundaries to also include the dynamics of supply of primary energy, for example, gas, and the characteristics of consumers' power consumption, the overall efficiency and security of the power system can be improved. Furthermore, energy requirements of some consumers can be satisfied by different energy carriers. For example, heating can be achieved by electric power, gas, or, if available, district heating networks. An integrated analysis of all these systems would, therefore, offer new possibilities of providing an energy system with additional redundancy and flexibility, resulting in more efficient and resilient energy offerings to the consumers and the society, in general.
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| 9. |
- Durisi, Giuseppe, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Toward Massive, Ultrareliable, and Low-Latency Wireless Communication With Short Packets
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-2256 .- 0018-9219. ; 104:9, s. 1711-1726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the recent advances in the design of highspeed wireless systems are based on information-theoretic principles that demonstrate how to efficiently transmit long data packets. However, the upcoming wireless systems, notably the fifth-generation (5G) system, will need to support novel traffic types that use short packets. For example, short packets represent the most common form of traffic generated by sensors and other devices involved in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. Furthermore, there are emerging applications in which small packets are expected to carry critical information that should be received with low latency and ultra-high reliability. Current wireless systems are not designed to support short-packet transmissions. For example, the design of current systems relies on the assumption that the metadata (control information) is of negligible size compared to the actual information payload. Hence, transmitting metadata using heuristic methods does not affect the overall system performance. However, when the packets are short, metadata may be of the same size as the payload, and the conventional methods to transmit it may be highly suboptimal. In this paper, we review recent advances in information theory, which provide the theoretical principles that govern the transmission of short packets. We then apply these principles to three exemplary scenarios (the two-way channel, the downlink broadcast channel, and the uplink random access channel), thereby illustrating how the transmission of control information can be optimized when the packets are short. The insights brought by these examples suggest that new principles are needed for the design of wireless protocols supporting short packets. These principles will have a direct impact on the system design.
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| 10. |
- Durisi, Giuseppe, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Massive, Ultra-Reliable, and Low-Latency Wireless Communication with Short Packets
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - 1558-2256 .- 0018-9219.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the recent advances in the design of high-speed wireless systems are based on information-theoretic principles that demonstrate how to efficiently transmit long data packets. However, the upcoming wireless systems, notably the 5G system, will need to support novel traffic types that use short packets. For example, short packets represent the most common form of traffic generated by sensors and other devices involved in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. Furthermore, there are emerging applications in which small packets are expected to carry critical information that should be received with low latency and ultra-high reliability. Current wireless systems are not designed to support short-packet transmissions. For example, the design of current systems relies on the assumption that the metadata (control information) is of negligible size compared to the actual information payload. Hence, transmitting metadata using heuristic methods does not affect the overall system performance. However, when the packets are short, metadata may be of the same size as the payload, and the conventional methods to transmit it may be highly suboptimal. In this article, we review recent advances in information theory, which provide the theoretical principles that govern the transmission of short packets. We then apply these principles to three exemplary scenarios (the two-way channel, the downlink broadcast channel, and the uplink random access channel), thereby illustrating how the transmission of control information can be optimized when the packets are short. The insights brought by these examples suggest that new principles are needed for the design of wireless protocols supporting short packets. These principles will have a direct impact on the system design.
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