| 1. |
- Ahlstedt, S, et al.
(author)
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Enhancement of the bronchial reactivity in immunized rats by neonatal treatment with capsaicin.
- 1986
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In: International archives of allergy and applied immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 80:3, s. 262-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rats were injected with capsaicin at 1-2 days of age to abolish the content of substance P (SP) in nerve terminals. At 6 weeks of age the capsaicin-treated and control rats were sensitized daily for 1 or 2 subsequent weeks Monday through Friday with ovalbumin (OA). The OA was given without adjuvant as 300 ng subcutaneous (s.c.) injections in the neck region or as 1% aerosol for 30 min. The capsaicin-treated animals which were sensitized s.c. for 2 weeks reacted moderately with increased transpulmonary pressure (TPP) to airway challenge with OA, and strongly to intravenous (i.v.) challenge with OA or serotonin. The capsaicin-untreated animals, which were sensitized with OA, reacted weakly to the challenge. In the challenge. In the animals sensitized with aerosolized OA, slightly lower reactivity was seen compared with those sensitized s.c. Untreated and unsensitized control rats reacted only to serotonin challenge. No animal had any detectable serum or bronchial IgE antibodies. Aerosol-sensitized animals had IgG antibodies in both serum and bronchial lavage. Histologically, the animals treated with capsaicin in contrast to the untreated controls demonstrated a pronounced increase of lymphoid tissue around their bronchi. Their mast cell numbers were increased around vessels and in the pleura and their mucous cell numbers were increased in the epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioli. The sensitization did not add much to this histological picture.
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| 2. |
- Bäck, Rune, et al.
(author)
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Influence of Antigenic Stimulation on Lymphoid Cell Traffic in the Chicken : I. Increased Homing of Thymus-Derived Cells to the Bone Marrow after Antigenic Stimulation
- 1972
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 43:5, s. 657-670
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six-week-old chickens were either immunized with a single intravenous injection of human serum albumin (HSA) or injected intravenously with physiological saline. 24 h after the HSA or saline administration the chickens were locally labelled in the thymus with 3H-thymidine in vivo. 48 h after the intrathymic labelling the chickens were sacrificed and the influence of the antigenic stimulation on the distribution of label between different lymphoid organs was studied with a radiochemical method based on measurements of tritiated DNA, and with autoradiography. A significantly increased proportion of thymus-derived label was demonstrated with the radiochemical method in the bone marrow of the immunized chickens, as compared to the saline-injected controls. With autoradiography, an increased number of heavily labelled thymus-derived cells were found in the bone marrow of the HSA-immunized chickens. The majority of these cells were small to medium-sized lymphoid cells, but a number of them were large lymphoid cells. None of these cells were plasma cells. There was no apparent increase of thymus-derived label or heavily labelled thymus-derived cells in the spleen or in the cecal tonsils of the immunized chickens. Heavily labelled thymus-derived cells could not be demonstrated in the bursa of Fabricius.
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| 3. |
- Bäck, Rune
(author)
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Influence of Antigenic Stimulation on Lymphoid Cell Traffic in the Chicken : II. Increased Homing of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to the Bursa of Fabricius after Human Serum Albumin Administration
- 1972
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 43:6, s. 921-933
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 6-week-old chickens were immunized with a single intravenous injection of human serum albumin (HSA). 24 h after the immunization, the chickens and nonimmunized saline-injected control chickens were locally labelled in the bone marrow with 3H-thymidíne. 48 h after labelling, the chickens were sacrificed and the distribution of label between different lymphoid organs in the immunized and the nonimmunized chickens was compared with a radiochemical method and with autoradiography. An increased proportion of bone marrow-derived tritium-labelled DNA and significantly more heavily labelled bone marrow-derived cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the HSA-immunized chickens as compared with the nonimmunized controls. The heavily labelled bone marrow-derived cells were pyroninophilic, and were located in the follicular cortex, as well as in the medulla. There was no indication of an increase of the normal transport of label or of heavily labelled cells from the bone marrow to other lymphoid organs in the immunized chickens. It is suggested that the increased homing of bone marrow-derived cells to the bursa of Fabricius, 72 h after the antigenic stimulation, may reflect a recruitment of bursa cell precursors.
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| 4. |
- Foucard, Tony, et al.
(author)
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In vitro Estimation of Allergens by a Radioimmune Antiglobulin Technique Using Human IgE Antibodies
- 1972
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 43:3, s. 360-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A radioimmune method based on detection of IgE antibodies (RAST) has been used for allergen quantitation, both as a direct test and as an inhibition test. Commercially available allergen extracts from birch pollen, timothy pollen and horse dandruff were studied. Variations of the allergen concentration up to a thousandfold were found between some extracts and these differences were confirmed by the results obtained with the chopped human lung test and in provocation tests. The use of RAST for estimation of allergen concentrations seems to be of great value, since the method combines easy performance with high capacity and independence of allergic patients as test objects. The same set of test sera can be used for several years, ensuring standardized conditions.
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| 5. |
- Grubb, A, et al.
(author)
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Isolation and some properties of an IgG Fc-binding protein from group A streptococci type 15
- 1982
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 67:4, s. 76-369
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An IgG Fc-binding protein was isolated from alkaline extracts of group A streptococci type 15 by ion-exchange chromatography and immunosorption on an IgG column. Ample use of protease inhibitors was necessary to achieve successful isolation. 600 micrograms protein was obtained from 60 g bacteria (wet weight). The protein appeared homogeneous on agarose gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had an apparent molecular weight of 29,500. It contained appreciable amounts of the amino acids glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, aspartic acid and lysine, but little or no tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, glucosamine or galactosamine. It precipitated human monoclonal IgG of all four sub-classes in agarose gels as well as polyclonal IgG, IgG Fc and normal human serum. It did not precipitate IgG Fab, IgA, IgM, IgD or free kappa or lambda chains.
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| 6. |
- Hemmingsson, Erik J.
(author)
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Ontogenetic Studies on Lymphoid Cell Traffic in the Chicken : III. Cell Traffic from the Thymus
- 1972
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 43:4, s. 481-496
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Male chickens of different ages were injected with tritiated thymidine into the parenchyma of the thymus and the transport of thymic label and of thymus-derived cells to other lymphoid organs was studied. Using a radiochemical method based on DNA and tritium measurements in different organs, a quantitatively significant transport of label from the thymus to the spleen, the caecal tonsils, and to the bone marrow could be demonstrated in the 9-day-old chicken. The transport to the spleen was shown to continue in the 6-week-old and 14-week-old animal. Autoradiographically, thymus-derived cells could be found in the spleen and caecal tonsils as early as in the newly hatched period. Autoradiographic data also indicated that the traffic increased up to 6 weeks of age but decreased in older animals. In the 6-week-old group, the localization of the thymus-derived cells in the target organs was determined. Such cells in the spleen were distributed almost equally between the red and white pulp. Very few of the thymus-derived cells were highly pyroninophilic. None could be found in the germinal centres. No sign of cell transport from the thymus to the bursa of Fabricius could be detected. The pattern of cell migration is well correlated to the morphological and functional maturation of the lymphoid system.
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| 7. |
- Abbasi-Dokht, T, et al.
(author)
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Multistrain Probiotics Supplement Alleviates Asthma Symptoms via Increasing Treg Cells Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2023
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In: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 184:3, s. 291-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The favorable effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in allergic disorders. However, the underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the improvement of clinical symptoms and immunological balance after receiving probiotics in patients with asthma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The present study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 40 patients with asthma were enrolled. They were treated with probiotics or placebo: 1 capsule/day for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test, percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> FoxP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs, and gene expression of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and Foxp3 in PBMCs were assessed at baseline and after treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results showed a significant increase in the expression of FoxP3 and CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> FoxP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs population, while RORγt and GATA3 expression were reduced. In addition, pulmonary function tests showed a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity after receiving probiotics. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings demonstrate that 8-week treatment with probiotic supplementation can control T-helper 2-predominant and Th17 pro-inflammatory responses and improve forced vital and forced expiratory volume in asthmatic patients. It seems probiotics can be used besides common treatments for patients with asthma.
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| 8. |
- Accordini, Simone, et al.
(author)
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The Cost of Persistent Asthma in Europe : An International Population-Based Study in Adults
- 2013
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 160:1, s. 93-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This study is aimed at providing a real-world evaluation of the economic cost of persistent asthma among European adults according to the degree of disease control [as defined by the 2006 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines]. Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was carried out on 462 patients aged 30-54 years with persistent asthma (according to the 2002 GINA definition), who were identified in general population samples from 11 European countries and examined in clinical settings in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II between 1999 and 2002. The cost estimates were computed from the societal perspective following the bottom-up approach on the basis of rates, wages and prices in 2004 (obtained at the national level from official sources), and were then converted to the 2010 values. Results: The mean total cost per patient was EUR 1,583 and was largely driven by indirect costs (i.e. lost working days and days with limited, not work-related activities 62.5%). The expected total cost in the population aged 30-54 years of the 11 European countries was EUR 4.3 billion (EUR 19.3 billion when extended to the whole European population aged from 15 to 64 years). The mean total cost per patient ranged from EUR 509 (controlled asthma) to EUR 2,281 (uncontrolled disease). Chronic cough or phlegm and having a high BMI significantly increased the individual total cost. Conclusions: Among European adults, the cost of persistent asthma drastically increases as disease control decreases. Therefore, substantial cost savings could be obtained through the proper management of adult patients in Europe.
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| 9. |
- Aghamohammadi, A, et al.
(author)
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Progression of selective IgA deficiency to common variable immunodeficiency
- 2008
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In: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 147:2, s. 87-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in Caucasians. Although it is often asymptomatic, selected patients show an increased frequency of infections, allergies and autoimmune manifestations. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency disease that shares many clinical features with IgAD. A common genetic basis for IgAD and CVID has been suggested based on their occurrence in members of the same family and the similarity of the underlying B cell defects. Progression from IgAD to CVID has also been reported in several cases. Here we present 4 patients with IgAD and autoimmune features who subsequently developed CVID. All symptomatic IgAD patients, especially those with associated IgG subclass deficiency or autoimmune features, should be monitored for evolution to CVID. Early diagnosis of this conversion and institution of immunoglobulin therapy is effective in preventing severe bacterial infections and pulmonary insufficiency.
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| 10. |
- Aniansson Zdolsek, Helena, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Expression of the T–cell markers CD3, CD4 and CD8 in healthy and atopic Children during the first 18 months of life
- 1999
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In: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 119:1, s. 6-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is little information available about the development of T–cell immunity in healthy and atopic children. We have studied prospectively the mean fluorescence intensity of the T–cell receptor complex–associated CD3, CD4 and CD8 in relation to atopic family history (AFH) and the development of atopic disease.Methods: Children with a defined AFH (n = 172) were followed from birth to 18 months and the cumulative history of atopic disease was recorded. Blood samples were obtained at birth and at 18 months, and in a subgroup of 78 children also at 3, 6 and 12 months. Multicolour flow cytometry was used to analyse pan T–cells (CD3+CD45+CD14–), T–helper–(CD3+CD4+) and T–cytotoxic–(CD3+CD8+) cells.Results: At 18 months, 31 children were atopic and 118 non–atopic. Children who developed atopic disease had a higher CD4 expression (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) on CD4+CD3+ lymphocytes at birth and at 3 months, particularly as compared with non–atopic children without AFH. Furthermore, the CD3 expression on CD3+CD45+CD14– lymphocytes increased more slowly with age in children with double atopic heredity, as compared with children with no or only one atopic family member.Conclusions: The higher expression of the CD4 receptor in early infancy in children who developed atopic disease compared with non–atopics suggests a delayed expression in T–helper cells. Children with a strong AFH had a slower increase in the expression of CD3, indicating a delayed T–cell maturation.
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