| 1. |
- Blomberg, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional Arrangements and Firm Behavior: The Case of Common Forests in Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 31:2, s. 401-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examines the effect of property rights systems within common forests on output decisions in Sweden. History of common forests in Sweden; Structure and governance of Swedish common property forests; Behavioral assumption behind the actions of managers and co-owners of the common forests in Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Erixon, Lennart
(författare)
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The Rehn-Meidner Model in Sweden : Its Rise, Challenges and Survival
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 44:3, s. 677-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rehn-Meidner model recommends active labor-market policies, tight macroeconomic policies and solidarity wage policies to combine price stability, growth, full employment and equity. The golden age for the model in Sweden began in the late 1950s and ended in the early 1970s. The following postwar period was characterized by obvious deviations from the Rehn-Meidner model but also by the survival of parts of the model. The rise and partial fall of the model in Sweden is explained by changes in political institutions, wage bargaining systems, trade union power, economic policy makers and economic thinking and by experiences of economic policy in the past. However, there is weak evidence that the departure from the Rehn-Meidner model is ultimately explained by globalization and new technologies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kvarnström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Reusing Phosphorus : Engineering Possibilities and Economic Realities
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 33:2, s. 393-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycling is becoming increasingly important in rich societies both in a physical sense and in the perceptions about desirable changes of economic activity and behavior. In both respects, the significance of recycling is greatest for the raw materials of agricultural, forest, and mineral origins. Recycling of phosphorus, secondary phosphorus originating from wastewater is discussed in this paper. The recycling of phosphorus from wastewater currently involves the reuse of sewage sludge in agriculture. In Sweden, 84 percent of the population is connected to wastewater treatment plants where phosphorus is removed from the wastewater, hence producing sludge containing high levels of phosphorus. The phosphorus content is 6,000 metric tons per year in Swedish wastewater treatment plant sludge. This represents approximately 30 percent of the commercial phosphorus fertilizer used yearly in Sweden. The use of sewage sludge in agriculture has been discussed widely in Sweden during the 1990s. Far from resolving several important issues, such as the content of pollutants in the sludge and whether the content of phosphorus in sludge can be used by plants, the debate is still raging.
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| 5. |
- Söderbaum, Peter, 1937-
(författare)
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Business Companies, Institutional Change, and Ecological Sustainability
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 34:2, s. 435-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals are understood as political economic persons and organizations (business companies included) as political economic organizations guided by a mission. Institutional change is discussed and exemplified by the introduction of Environmental Management Systems. Finally neoclassical and an institutional interpretations of markets are compared.
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| 6. |
- Söderbaum, Peter, 1937-
(författare)
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Environmental Management : Non-Traditional Approach
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 21:1, s. 139--165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental problems are of many different kinds and share some features. Approaches to decision making has to match those features. A classification of approaches to prepare environmental decision-making is suggested with respect to degree of aggregation. Neoclassical Cost-Benefit analysis is then criticized and Positional Analysis (PA) suggested as an alternative. The concept of economics is reconsidered and the purpose of PA clarified. Systems thinking, positional thinking (largely in non-monetary terms) and a way of analysing interests are presented.
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| 7. |
- Söderbaum, Peter, 1937-
(författare)
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Positional Analysis and Public Decision Making
- 1982
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 16:2, s. 391-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positional analysis is proposed as an alternative to neoclassical Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). The purpose is to illuminate an issue for actors and decision-makers who differ with respect to values or ideological orientation. Conclusions are conditional in relation to such ideological orientations. Economics is understood in multidimensional terms where non-monetary impacts are not less 'economical'. Decision trees are used to illustrate non-monetary impacts. The information basis is expected to be useful to politicians or other decision-makers who differ with respect to values or ideologies.
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| 8. |
- Söderbaum, Peter, 1937-
(författare)
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Values, Markets, and Environmental Policy: An Actor-Network Approach
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 27:2, s. 387-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is argued that institutional economists have to take issues of values and ideology seriously. Economics is always political economics. Neoclassical Economic Man can be replaced by a Political Economic Person understood in terms of identity, life-style and ideological orientation and other concepts connected with social psychology. Environmental policy starts with individuals as actors in different roles. Individuals as actors may cooperate in networks for specific purposes, ideas about sustainable development potentially included. Relationships between institutional economics and ecological economics are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical Limitations of Social Cost Pricing: An Application to Power Generation Externalities
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 34:2, s. 453-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article focuses on ethical limitations of social cost pricing and an application to power generation externalities. According to neoclassical economic theory, the valuation of different externalities is necessary for assisting market processes and for socially efficient choices. For example, environmental effects that are unpriced in any market need to be assigned hypothetical monetary values. Taxes and subsidies that reflect these external costs will then ensure that profit-maximizing firms select the mix of goods and production technologies that best satisfy environmental and economic goals. The basic thesis of this paper is that monetary valuation of environmental externalities relies on specific ethical foundations, it is useful to review these before concluding remarks. Environmental valuation of power-generation externalities, it is argued, is necessary for making consistent and meaningful comparisons between technologies. Tradeoffs must always be made, and it is best to make them explicit in a cost-benefit analysis. The main argument in this paper, however, has been that this position assumes that all choices are made on the basis of a utilitarian approach. The purposes of the paper are: to explore some of the ethical limits of neoclassical environmental valuation, and to discuss what the implications are of these limits for the social choice between power-generation technologies. The central message put forth is that the scope of electricity externalities where environmental valuation can be applied from an ethical point of view is likely to be narrower than commonly assumed.
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| 10. |
- Söderholm, Patrik
(författare)
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Pollution charges in a transition economy : the case of Russia
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Issues. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-3624 .- 1946-326X. ; 33:2, s. 403-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, its legal successor, the Russian Federation, initiated a transformation from a command based to a market-oriented economy. As part of this process, the government liberalized prices and initiated the breakup and privatization of state-owned enterprises. However, as the country struggles to address its economic problems, environmental problems must also be recognized. The typical advice from economists and policy analysts has been to use economic incentives, such as pollution charges, more extensively to control pollution. Essentially this paper challenges this widespread view and argues that the proposed policy presumes the existence of an already functioning institutional framework. It is often argued that recent reforms of the enterprise and government sectors are resulting in a hardening of budget constraints and an improvement in resource utilization, which would make it feasible to consider the application of cost-effective economic instruments. However, since the Russian privatization program for political reasons was shaped to favor the "insiders" most elements of the centrally planned economy continue to exist. In other words, market reforms in Russia have been privatizing former state property to shareholder associations in such a way that the majority of shares essentially belong to the same ministries, committees, and managers.
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