| 1. |
- Spiegel, David, et al.
(författare)
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Disintegrated experience : The dissociative disorders revisited
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X. ; 100, s. 366-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present proposed changes to the dissociative disorders section of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and review the concept of pathological and nonpathological dissociation, including empirical findings on the relations between trauma and dissociative phenomenology and between dissociation and hypnosis. The most important proposals include the creation of two new diagnostic entities, brief reactive dissociative disorder and transient dissociative disturbance, and the readoption of the criterion of amnesia for a multiple personality disorder diagnosis. We conclude that further work on dissociative processes will provide an important link between clinical and experimental approaches to human cognition, emotion, and personality.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Forsman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic effects explain the stability of psychopathic personality from mid- to late adolescence
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 38:6, s. 627-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the importance of genetic and environmental influence for the stability of psychopathic personality between mid- and late adolescence. The target sample consisted of all 1,480 male and female twin pairs born in Sweden between 1985 and 1986. Psychopathic personality was measured with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; H. Andershed, M. Kerr, M. Stattin, & S. Levander, 2002) when the participants were 16 and 19 years old. Results showed that the 3 psychopathic personality dimensions were stable at different levels of analysis and linked to a stable higher order general factor (i.e., psychopathic personality factor). Genetic factors contributed substantially to the stability of this general higher order factor, whereas environmental factors were of little importance. However, the authors also found specific genetic stability in the Callous/unemotional and Impulsive/irresponsible dimension. Thus, the model provides evidence for etiologic generality and etiologic specificity for the stability of psychopathic personality between mid- and late adolescence.
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| 4. |
- Hicks, B. M., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences and developmental change in externalizing disorders from late adolescence to early adulthood : A longitudinal twin study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 116:3, s. 433-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from over 1,000 male and female twins participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study, the authors examined developmental change, gender differences, and genetic and environmental contributions to the symptom levels of four externalizing disorders (adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, and drug dependence) from ages 17 to 24. Both men and women increased in symptoms for each externalizing disorder, with men increasing at a greater rate than women, such that a modest gender gap at age 17 widened to a large one at age 24. Additionally, a mean-level gender difference on a latent Externalizing factor could account for the mean-level gender differences for the individual disorders. Biometric analyses revealed increasing genetic variation and heritability for men but a trend toward decreasing genetic variation and increasing environmental effects for women. Results illustrate the importance of gender and developmental context for symptom expression and the utility of structural models to integrate general trends and disorder-specific characteristics.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Krueger, R. F., et al.
(författare)
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Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality : An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 116:4, s. 645-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antisocial behavior, substance use, and impulsive and aggressive personality traits often co-occur, forming a coherent spectrum of personality and psychopathology. In. the current research, the authors developed a novel quantitative model of this spectrum. Over 3 waves of iterative data collection, 1,787 adult participants selected to represent a range across the externalizing spectrum provided extensive data about specific externalizing behaviors. Statistical methods such as item response theory and semiparametric factor analysis were used to model these data. The model and assessment instrument that emerged from the research shows how externalizing phenomena are organized hierarchically and cover a wide range of individual differences. The authors discuss the utility of this model for framing research on the correlates and the etiology of externalizing phenomena.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Henrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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A genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 115:2, s. 221-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychopathic personality can be conceptualized as three interrelated dimensions, (a) an interpersonal style of glibness, grandiosity, and manipulation; (b) an affective disposition of callousness, lack of empathy, and unemotionality; and (c) a behavioral/lifestyle dimension of impulsivity, need for stimulation, and irresponsibility, underpinning a higher order construct, psychopathic personality. The authors used a self-report questionnaire (The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) to study the importance of genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in a sample of 1,090 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, aged 16-17 years. Results showed a strong genetic influence behind the higher order "psychopathic personality" factor, underpinned by the three psychopathic personality dimensions. Over and above the effects to the higher order factor, significant unique genetic influences were also found in the callous/unemotional and in the impulsive/irresponsible dimension, but not in the grandiose/manipulative dimension. The authors propose that this latent psychopathic personality factor is a meaningful target for future etiological research.
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| 9. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav V, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet MAO-B, personality, and psychopathology
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 114:3, s. 477-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article investigates the relationships between platelet monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity, personality, and psychopathology (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994] diagnoses. These relationships were assessed in 178 incarcerated male juvenile delinquents. Even after controlling for smoking, the authors found that both Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology were negatively related to MAO-B activity. In the final reduced model, novelty seeking fully mediated the relationships between MAO-B and Externalizing Psychopathology but not between MAO-B and Internalizing Psychopathology. It was hypothesized that low platelet MAO-B activity does not directly predispose individuals to psychopathology but is related to specific personality traits, which in turn represent a vulnerability factor for psychopathology. Future studies should help clarify the nature of the relationships between personality, biological markers, and psychopathology.
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| 10. |
- Skeem, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Two subtypes of psychopathic violent offenders that parallel primary and secondary variants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X .- 1939-1846. ; 116:2, s. 395-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although psychopathy usually is treated as a unitary construct, a seminal theory posits that there are 2 variants: Primary psychopathy is underpinned by an inherited affective deficit, whereas secondary psychopathy reflects an acquired affective disturbance. The authors investigated whether psychopathy phenotypically may be disaggregated into such types in a sample of 367 prison inmates convicted of violent crimes. Model-based cluster analysis of the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL–R; R. D. Hare, 2003) and trait anxiety scores in the psychopathic subgroup (n = 123; PCL–R ≥ 29) revealed 2 clusters. Relative to primary psychopaths, secondary psychopaths had greater trait anxiety, fewer psychopathic traits, and comparable levels of antisocial behavior. Across validation variables, secondary psychopaths manifested more borderline personality features, poorer interpersonal functioning (e.g., irritability, withdrawal, poor assertiveness), and more symptoms of major mental disorder than primary psychopaths. When compared with the nonpsychopathic subgroup (n = 243), the 2 psychopathic variants manifested a theoretically coherent pattern of differences. Implications for etiological research and violence prevention are discussed.
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