| 1. |
- Abik, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Potential of Wood Hemicelluloses and Their Derivates as Food Ingredients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 71:6, s. 2667-2683
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A holistic utilization of all lignocellulosic wood biomass, instead of the current approach of using only the cellulose fraction, is crucial for the efficient, ecological, and economical use of the forest resources. Use of wood constituents in the food and feed sector is a potential way of promoting the global economy. However, industrially established food products utilizing such components are still scarce, with the exception of cellulose derivatives. Hemicelluloses that include xylans and mannans are major constituents of wood. The wood hemicelluloses are structurally similar to hemicelluloses from crops, which are included in our diet, for example, as a part of dietary fibers. Hence, structurally similar wood hemicelluloses have the potential for similar uses. We review the current status and future potential of wood hemicelluloses as food ingredients. We include an inventory of the extraction routes of wood hemicelluloses, their physicochemical properties, and some of their gastrointestinal characteristics, and we also consider the regulatory route that research findings need to follow to be approved for food solutions, as well as the current status of the wood hemicellulose applications on that route.
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| 2. |
- Alin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Toolbox for Fingerprinting Migration from PET Tray during Microwave Heating
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61:6, s. 1405-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric toolbox was utilized to determine the interactions between poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) food packaging and different food simulants during microwave heating. Overall and specific migration was determined by combining weight loss measurements with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This allowed mapping of low molecular weight migrants in the molecular range up to 2000 g/mol. Microwave heating caused significantly faster migration of cyclic oligomers into ethanol and isooctane as compared to migration during conventional heating at the same temperature. This effect was more significant at lower temperature at which diffusion rates are generally lower. It was also shown that transesterification took place between PET and ethanol during microwave heating, leading to formation of diethyl terephthalate. The detected migrants included cyclic oligomers from dimer to hexamer, in most cases containing extra ethylene glycol units, and oxidized Irgafos 168. ESI-MS combined with CID MS-MS was an excellent tool for structural interpretation of the nonvolatile compounds migrating to the food simulants. The overall migration was below the overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm(2) set by the European commission after 4 h of microwave heating at 100 degrees C in all studied food simulants.
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| 3. |
- Alin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave heating causes rapid degradation of antioxidants in polypropylene packaging leading to greatly increased specific migration to food simulants as shown by ESI-MS and GC-MS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 59:10, s. 5418-5427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microwave heating of commercial microwavable polypropylene packaging in contact with fatty food simulants caused significant antioxidant degradation and increased specific migration as shown by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Degradation of the antioxidants Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010 was not detected during conventional heating of polypropylene packaging at the same temperature. The migration into aqueous food simulants was primarily restricted by the water solubility of the migrants. Using isooctane as fatty food simulant caused significant swelling and greatly enhanced overall migration values compared to the other fatty food simulant, 99.9% ethanol, or the aqueous food simulants 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, or water. ESI-MS spectra clearly reflected the overall migration values, and the number and amount of compounds detected decreased as the hydrophilicity of the food simulant increased. ESI-MS was shown to be an excellent tool for the analysis of semivolatile migrants and a good complement to GC-MS analysis of volatile migrants.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Environment and Variety on Alkylresorcinols in Wheat in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 58, s. 9299-9305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids found in high amounts in whole grain wheat and rye, can be used as biomarkers for these cereals. The content (on a dry matter basis) and homologue composition of AR were determined in 26 wheat varieties grown in Hungary in 2005-2007, as well as in the United Kingdom, France, and Poland in 2007. There was a significant effect of year, location, and variety on both total AR and individual AR homologue content (p < 0.001). A warm and dry climate generally resulted in higher AR contents, whereas high precipitation especially during plant development and grain-filling resulted in lower contents. There was a significant negative correlation between AR content and thousand-kernel weight (p < 0.001), which may be explained by the warm and dry climate giving smaller kernels with higher AR content. The difference between varieties was generally consistent, with highest and lowest AR contents for the same varieties during different years and at different locations (p < 0.001). Total AR content was correlated with the relative proportions of the different homologues, with a relatively lower concentration of homologues C17:0 and C19:0 and a lower C17:0/C12:0 ratio at higher overall contents. The results show that AR content is a highly heritable phytochemical component but that it is also affected by the environment.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Variation in Grain Composition of Wheat and Related Cereals
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61, s. 8295-8303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. Detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the EU FP6 HEALTHGRAIN program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 2326 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. Principal component analysis allowed the 150 bread wheat lines to be classified on the basis of differences in their contents of bioactive components and wheat species (bread, durum, spelt, emmer, and einkorn wheats) to be clearly separated from related cereals (barley, rye, and oats). Such multivariate analyses could be used to define substantial equivalence when novel (including transgenic) cereals are considered.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between the Contents of Bioactive Components in Grain and the Release Dates of Wheat Lines in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 59, s. 928-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU FP6 HEALTHGRAIN has generated an extensive database on the contents of phytochemicals (alkylresorcinols, tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates) and dietary fiber components in the grain of wheat, including analyses of 150 lines grown on a single site in Hungary in 2005 and a smaller set of lines grown under five (three lines) or six (23 lines) different environments (in Hungary in 2005, 2006, and 2007 and in France, Poland, and the United Kingdom in 2007). The lines analyzed included land races and varieties bred between the mid-19th and early 21st centuries. These results have been analyzed to determine whether the contents of these groups of bioactive components in the grain have decreased with the development of intensive plant breeding in the second part of the 20th century. No decreases in the contents of any groups of bioactive components were observed in relation to release date, showing that selection for increased yield and protein quality has been effectively neutral for other grain components.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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The HEALTHGRAIN Wheat Diversity Screen: Effects of Genotype and Environment on Phytochemicals and Dietary Fiber Components
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 58, s. 9291-9298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the contents of bioactive components (tocols, sterols, alkylresorcinols, folates, phenolic acids, and fiber components) in 26 wheat cultivars grown in six site x year combinations showed that the extent of variation due to variety and environment differed significantly between components. The total contents of tocols, sterols, and arabinoxylan fiber were highly heritable and hence an appropriate target for plant breeding. However, significant correlations between the contents of bioactive components and environmental factors (precipitation and temperature) during grain development also occurred, with even highly heritable components differing in amount between grain samples grown in different years on different sites.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Content and Molecular-Weight Distribution of Dietary Fiber Components in Whole-Grain Rye Flour and Bread
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 57, s. 2004-2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Content of dietary fiber and dietary fiber components in whole-grain rye (n = 18) were analyzed. The average total content, when fructan was included, was for dietary fiber 19.9% (range of 18.7-22.2%) and for extractable dietary fiber 7.4% (range of 6.9-7.9%). Arabinoxylan was the main dietary fiber component, with an average total content of 8.6%, followed by fructan (4.1%). During baking of whole-grain rye bread, only small changes in total content of arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan, and beta-glucan occurred, while the content of resistant starch increased and the content of fructan decreased in a baking-method-dependent manner. The molecular-weight distribution of extractable arabinoxylan in the flour was analyzed with a new method and ranged from 4 x 10(4) to 9 X 10(6) g/mol, with a weight average molecular weight of about 2 x 10(6) g/mol. During crisp bread making, only a limited degradation of arabinoxylan molecular weight was detected, while a notable degradation was observed in sour-dough bread. The molecular weight of extractable beta-glucan in the whole-grain rye flour ranged from 10(4) to 5 x 10(6) g/mol, with a weight average molecular weight of 0.97 x 10(6) g/mol. During bread making, the molecular weight of the beta-glucan was substantially degraded.
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| 10. |
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