| 1. |
- Alm, Per A
(författare)
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Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: a critical review of possible relations.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7994 .- 0021-9924. ; 37:4, s. 325-369
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible relation between stuttering and the basal ganglia is discussed. Important clues to the pathophysiology of stuttering are given by conditions known to alleviate dysfluency, like the rhythm effect, chorus speech, and singing. Information regarding pharmacologic trials, lesion studies, brain imaging, genetics, and developmental changes of the nervous system is reviewed. The symptoms of stuttering are compared with basal ganglia motor disorders like Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. It is proposed that the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuits through the putamen are likely to play a key role in stuttering. The core dysfunction in stuttering is suggested to be impaired ability of the basal ganglia to produce timing cues for the initiation of the next motor segment in speech. Similarities between stuttering and dystonia are indicated, and possible relations to the dopamine system are discussed, as well as the interaction between the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. Behavioral and pharmacologic information suggests the existence of subtypes of stuttering.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Stuttering in adults: the acoustic startle response, temperamental traits, and biological factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 40:1, s. 1-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between stuttering and a range of variables of possible relevance, with the main focus on neuromuscular reactivity, and anxiety. The explorative analysis also included temperament, biochemical variables, heredity, preonset lesions, and altered auditory feedback (AAF). An increased level of neuromuscular reactivity in stuttering adults has previously been reported by [Guitar, B. (2003). Acoustic startle responses and temperament in individuals who stutter. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46, 233-240], also indicating a link to anxiety and temperament. The present study included a large number of variables in order to enable analysis of subgroups and relations between variables. Totally 32 stuttering adults were compared with nonstuttering controls. The acoustic startle eyeblink response was used as a measure of neuromuscular reactivity. No significant group difference was found regarding startle, and startle was not significantly correlated with trait anxiety, stuttering severity, or AAF. Startle was mainly related to calcium and prolactin. The stuttering group had significantly higher scores for anxiety and childhood ADHD. Two subgroups of stuttering were found, with high versus low traits of childhood ADHD, characterized by indications of preonset lesions versus heredity for stuttering. The study does not support the view that excessive reactivity is a typical characteristic of stuttering. The increased anxiety is suggested to mainly be an effect of experiences of stuttering. Learning outcomes: As a result of reading this article, the reader will be able to: (a) critically discuss the literature regarding stuttering in relation to acoustic startle, anxiety, and temperament; (b) describe the effect of calcium on neuromuscular reactivity; (c) discuss findings supporting the importance of early neurological incidents in some cases of stuttering, and the relation between such incidents and traits of ADHD or ADD; and (d) discuss the role of genetics in stuttering.
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| 3. |
- Bellon-Harn, Monica L., et al.
(författare)
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Speech-language pathologists preferences for patient-centeredness
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 68, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Preferences for patient-centeredness is an important indicator in healthcare service delivery. However, it remains largely unexplored in the field of communication science and disorders. This study investigated speech-language pathologists (SLPs) preferences for patient-centeredness Method: The study involved a cross-sectional survey design. SLPs (n = 102) fully completed the modified Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS; Krupat et al, 2000) and also provided demographic details. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression methods. Results: Mean PPOS scores indicated that SLPs value patient-centeredness. There was a strong positive correlation among sharing and caring subscales with the full-scale. Results from the linear regression modeling suggested no relationship between demographic factors and preferences for patient-centeredness. Conclusions: SLPs value patient-centeredness, although there may be regional and cultural variations. Qualitative investigations may help uncover dimensions of patient-centeredness that were not captured in the PPOS scale. In addition, further research should explore congruence in preferences for patient-centeredness among SLPs and patients.
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| 4. |
- Beukes, Eldre W., et al.
(författare)
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Development and psychometric validation of a questionnaire assessing the impact of tinnitus on significant others
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Despite evidence showing that tinnitus can have a detrimental impact on significant others (SOs), no standardized self-reported measure is currently available that specifically as-sesses the presence of third-party disability for tinnitus. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a newly developed self-reported measure for SOs of tinnitus and assess how scores could be meaningfully interpreted. Methods: The research consisted of two phases. During Phase I, the Consequences of Tinnitus on Significant Others Questionnaire (CTSOQ) was developed using the The COnsensus-based Stan-dards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance. Phase II included the assessment of psychometric properties of the CTSOQ including the construct validity, internal consistency, interpretability, and responsiveness. Pairs of 194 individuals with tinnitus and their SOs completed a series of online questionnaires. SOs completed the CTSOQ measure while in-dividuals with tinnitus completed measures related to tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and quality of life. Results: A 25 item CTSOQ was developed using a formative model. The questionnaire validation process indicated good psychometric properties with an internal consistency of 0.93 and inter-item correlation of 0.60. Support was found for the construct and discriminative validity of the measure. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. Scores can be meaningfully interpreted to indicate mild, significant, or severe effect of tinnitus on SOs. The questionnaire was also found to be responsive to treatment-related changes. Conclusions: The CTSOQ was found to have sufficient measurement properties suggesting that it is a suitable measure of third-party disability for SOs of individuals with tinnitus. Further research should be initiated to measure face validity and what scores reflect clinically meaningful change.
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| 5. |
- Classon, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Working memory capacity compensates for hearing related phonological processing deficit
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : ELSEVIER. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 46:1, s. 17-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acquired hearing impairment is associated with gradually declining phonological representations. According to the Ease of Language Understanding (ELU) model, poorly defined representations lead to mismatch in phonologically challenging tasks. To resolve the mismatch, reliance on working memory capacity (WMC) increases. This study investigated whether WMC modulated performance in a phonological task in individuals with hearing impairment. A visual rhyme judgment task with congruous or incongruous orthography, followed by an incidental episodic recognition memory task, was used. In participants with hearing impairment, WMC modulated both rhyme judgment performance and recognition memory in the orthographically similar non-rhyming condition; those with high WMC performed exceptionally well in the judgment task, but later recognized few of the words. For participants with hearing impairment and low WMC the pattern was reversed; they performed poorly in the judgment task but later recognized a surprisingly large proportion of the words. Results indicate that good WMC can compensate for the negative impact of auditory deprivation on phonological processing abilities by allowing for efficient use of phonological processing skills. They also suggest that individuals with hearing impairment and low WMC may use a non-phonological approach to written words, which can have the beneficial side effect of improving memory encoding. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanLearning outcomes: Readers will be able to: (1) describe cognitive processes involved in rhyme judgment, (2) explain how acquired hearing impairment affects phonological processing and (3) discuss how reading strategies at encoding impact memory performance.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kristensson, Joana, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Naming vs. non-naming treatment in aphasia in a group setting–A randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Anomia affects numerous persons with aphasia. Treatment effects of anomia group therapy have been reported, but the evidence is not comprehensive. This study aimed to explore treatment effects of a naming treatment compared with a non-naming treatment delivered in a group setting. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 17 participants with chronic poststroke aphasia underwent group therapy, 2 hours a session, 3 times per week, for a total of 20 hours. The treatment given in the naming group was modified semantic feature analysis (SFA). Treatment content in the non-naming group comprised auditory comprehension, copying text, and reading. The primary outcome measure was accuracy in confrontation naming of participant-selected trained nouns and verbs. Generalization effects were evaluated in single-word naming, connected speech, and everyday communication. Results: Participants in both groups significantly improved their naming of trained items. There were no differences between the groups. The treatment effect did not remain at follow-up 10 weeks after therapy. No other statistically significant changes occurred in either group. Conclusions: Group intervention can improve naming ability in individuals with chronic aphasia. However, similar treatment effects can be achieved using a non-naming treatment as using a naming treatment, such as modified SFA. Further research is warranted to identify the most important elements of anomia group therapy.
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| 8. |
- Lagerberg, Tove B, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring intelligibility in spontaneous speech using syllables perceived as understood
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of communication disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7994 .- 0021-9924. ; 92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligibility, the ability to convey a message by speech, is one of the most important variables in speech-language pathology. The assessment of intelligibility is a challenge especially when it comes to spontaneous speech. The aim of the study was to investigate validity and reliability of a method for assessment of intelligibility, syllables perceived as understood (SPU); a method that is more time-efficient than previous methods based on transcription, as it does not require a master transcript for reference.A group of 20 adult listeners transcribed stimuli consisting of spontaneous speech from 16 children (14 with speech sound disorder and two with typical speech and language development, age 4:4 to 8:1, M=6:0). Intelligibility was calculated based on these orthographic transcripts, as a) proportion of syllables perceived as understood (SPU) and b) proportion of syllables correctly understood (SCU), with reference to a master transcript. Validity was checked through investigation of the correlation and difference between these two measures. Reliability was analysed with inter-listener reliability by intra-class correlation.The correlation between SPU and SCU (the gold standard intelligibility score) was strong and statistically significant, with SPU being consistently higher than SCU. Inter-listener reliability for single measures of intra-class correlation of the assessment by syllables perceived as understood was moderate to low, whereas the inter-listener reliability for average measures of intra-class correlation was high.The method based on SPU might be used for assessment of intelligibility if the median from several listeners is used or when comparing results from the same listener over time. The SPU method might therefore be a valuable tool in a clinical and research context as a more valid option than rating scales and a more time-efficient method than the gold standard SCU method. However, it should be noted that the reliability of the SPU is not as high as for the SCU.
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