| 1. |
- Ryne, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of long-term mating disruption of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in indoor storage facilities by pheromone traps and monitoring of relative aerial concentrations of pheromones
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - 0022-0493. ; 100:3, s. 1017-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) of Ephestia kuehniella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated in two flour mills and a pet food distributor. Plastic sachets emitting 2–3 mg per d ( Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the major pheromone component of both moth species, were used as MD dispensers, which were applied in grid systems resulting in one dispenser per 100 m 3 of air volume. Pheromone traps with sticky inserts were used to monitor moth population fluctuations. To monitor pheromone levels in the air before, during, and after the treatment, electroantennographic (EAG) measurements were performed using a portable device. All localities showed decreased trap catches after application of MD. In two localities with low initial population densities, trap catches were reduced immediately after application of MD and remained very low, even several months after the MD treatment was terminated. In contrast, in a locality with a higher initial population density the reduction in trap catches was slower, and trap catches increased again soon after the termination of the MD treatment. Electrophysiological data showed not only increased aerial levels of pheromone during the treatment period but also levels that were higher than during pretreatment, even 12 mo after removal of MD dispensers. The localities had good ventilation, and the memory effect observed indicates that the pheromone adhered to surfaces that subsequently functioned as secondary dispensers. Customer complaints registered by one of the mills were 49% less in 2004, after 2 yr of MD compared with 2002, the year before the treatments began.
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| 2. |
- Bommarco, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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Insecticides Suppress Natural Enemies and Increase Pest Damage in Cabbage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 104, s. 782-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensive use of pesticides is common and increasing despite a growing and historically well documented awareness of the costs and hazards. The benefits from pesticides of increased yields from sufficient pest control may be outweighed by developed resistance in pests and killing of beneficial natural enemies. Other negative effects are human health problems and lower prices because of consumers' desire to buy organic products. Few studies have examined these trade-offs in the field. Here, we demonstrate that Nicaraguan cabbage (Brassica spp.) farmers may suffer economically by using insecticides as they get more damage by the main pest diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), at the same time as they spend economic resources on insecticides. Replicated similarly sized cabbage fields cultivated in a standardized manner were either treated with insecticides according common practice or not treated with insecticides over two seasons. Fields treated with insecticides suffered, compared with nontreated fields, equal or, at least in some periods of the seasons, higher diamondback moth pest attacks. These fields also had increased leaf damage on the harvested cabbage heads. Weight and size of the heads were not affected. The farmers received the same price on the local market irrespective of insecticide use. Rates of parasitized diamondback moth were consistently lower in the treated fields. Negative effects of using insecticides against diamondback moth were found for the density of parasitoids and generalist predatory wasps, and tended to affect spiders negatively. The observed increased leaf damages in insecticide-treated fields may be a combined consequence of insecticide resistance in the pest, and of lower predation and parasitization rates from naturally occurring predators that are suppressed by the insecticide applications. The results indicate biological control as a viable and economic alternative pest management strategy, something that may be particularly relevant for the production of cash crops in tropical countries where insecticide use is heavy and possibly increasing.
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| 3. |
- Bourguet, D, et al.
(författare)
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An insensitive acetylcholinesterase in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Portugal
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. - : ENTOMOL SOC AMER. - 0022-0493. ; 89:5, s. 1060-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resistance mechanisms of a strain (PRAIAS) of northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens L., collected in Portugal in 1993, and highly resistant to organophosphates and carbamates were investigated by comparing the resistance characteristics to 3 organophosph
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| 4. |
- Campolo, Orlando, et al.
(författare)
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Larvicidal Effects of Four Citrus Peel Essential Oils Against the Arbovirus Vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 109:1, s. 360-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of four citrus essential oils (EOs; sweet orange, mandarin, bergamot, and lemon) against the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, we found that in sweet orange, mandarin, and lemon EOs, limonene was the most abundant compound, whereas linalyl acetate was the most abundant in the bergamot EO. All tested EOs showed a marked larvicidal activity, in particular sweet orange, lemon, and bergamot that killed all treated larvae. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values of the tested citrus EOs ranged from 145.27 (lemon EO) to 318.07mg liter(-1) (mandarin EO), while LC95 ranged from 295.13 to 832.44mg liter(-1). After 48 h of exposure, the estimated LC50 values decreased to values ranging from 117.29 to 209.38mg liter(-1), while LC95 ranged from 231.85 to 537.36 mg liter(-1). The results obtained from these evaluations, together with the large availability at reasonable costs of citrus EOs, are promising for the potential development of a new botanical mosquitocide.
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| 5. |
- Cattaneo, Alberto Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative Splicing of the CpomOR53 Gene Produces Three Transcripts Expressed in Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Antennae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 112, s. 991-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incorporation of semiochemicals into codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), IPM programs has drastically reduced the amount of chemical insecticides needed to control this orchard pest. Odorant receptors are key sensors in the detection of semiochemicals and trigger downstream signaling events leading to behavioral responses. For codling moth, 58 odorant receptors have been identified in antennal transcriptomes, a few of which have been characterized for ligand activation. From the codling moth antennal transcriptome, a single transcript encoding CpomOR53 was annotated but re-evaluation suggests two or more variants of this receptor may be present and it is hypothesized that they are produced by alternative splicing. In this study, the complete open reading frame of CpomOR53 was amplified from codling moth male and female antennal RNAs, with three distinct transcripts detected. Characterization of these transcripts indicate that they are produced by alternative splicing of the CpomOR53 gene. The membrane topology for each of the CpomOR53 variants shows that alternative spliced products altered the length of intracellular loop two of the predicted proteins. The effects of these alterations were not determined but will be addressed in future studies determining the ligand(s) that activate each CpomOR53 transcript variant.
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| 6. |
- Cooley, Hazel, et al.
(författare)
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Buzz-pollinated crops : A global review and meta-analysis of the effects of supplemental bee pollination in tomato
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 114:2, s. 505-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buzz-pollinated plants require visitation from vibration producing bee species to elicit full pollen release. Several important food crops are buzz-pollinated including tomato, eggplant, kiwi, and blueberry. Although more than half of all bee species can buzz pollinate, the most commonly deployed supplemental pollinator, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae; honey bees), cannot produce vibrations to remove pollen. Here, we provide a list of buzz-pollinated food crops and discuss the extent to which they rely on pollination by vibration-producing bees. We then use the most commonly cultivated of these crops, the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), as a case study to investigate the effect of different pollination treatments on aspects of fruit quality. Following a systematic review of the literature, we statistically analyzed 71 experiments from 24 studies across different geopolitical regions and conducted a meta-analysis on a subset of 21 of these experiments. Our results show that both supplemental pollination by buzz-pollinating bees and open pollination by assemblages of bees, which include buzz pollinators, significantly increase tomato fruit weight compared to a no-pollination control. In contrast, auxin treatment, artificial mechanical vibrations, or supplemental pollination by non-buzz-pollinating bees (including Apis spp.), do not significantly increase fruit weight. Finally, we compare strategies for providing bee pollination in tomato cultivation around the globe and highlight how using buzz-pollinating bees might improve tomato yield, particularly in some geographic regions. We conclude that employing native, wild buzz pollinators can deliver important economic benefits with reduced environmental risks and increased advantages for both developed and emerging economies.
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| 7. |
- Egan, Paul
(författare)
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Beekeeping Livelihood Development in Nepal: Value-Added Opportunities and Professional Support Needs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 115, s. 706-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beekeeping contributes to poverty reduction in many developing countries, and in addition, provides pollination services for sustainable crop production. In Nepal, management practices associated with beekeeping are poorly characterized, and so the potential for this sector to further contribute to livelihood development remains unclear. This study sought to examine and identify factors associated with production efficiency and financial profitability of beekeeping with the aim of enhancing economic gains for Nepali beekeepers. Our study included a sample of 150 respondents from more than twenty commercial beekeeping districts across the Terai and mountainous regions of Nepal. Profitability of beekeeping with the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the Asian honeybee Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was quantified and disaggregated according to several variables, including hive-derived products produced, marketing strategy employed, number of beehives managed, and postharvest management practices. Our results showed that the different types of management practices adopted (such as number of beehives kept, colony multiplication, supplementary feeding, month of honey harvesting, and marketing approach) significantly influenced the productivity and economic profitability of beekeeping. Our results also revealed that professional supports, such as the availability of subsidies and training, were key factors to enhance productivity. As a whole, this study provides insight into the biological factors and management practices associated with higher economic returns from beekeeping. This work can help guide policymakers and professional support agencies to expand commercial beekeeping for sustainable livelihood development in Nepal and beyond.
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| 8. |
- Hillbur, Ylva
(författare)
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Using Sex Pheromone Trapping to Explore Threats to Wheat From Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Upper Great Plains
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 105, s. 1988-1997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before embarking on the 5-10 yr effort it can take to transfer plant resistance (R) genes to adapted crop cultivars, a question must be asked: is the pest a sufficient threat to warrant this effort? We used the recently discovered female-produced sex pheromone of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), to explore this question for populations in the Upper Great Plains. Methods for pheromone trapping were established and trapping data were used to explore geographic distribution, phenology, and density. The pheromone lure remained attractive for up to 10 d and only attracted male Hessian flies. Traps placed within the crop canopy caught flies but traps placed above the crop canopy did not. Hessian flies were trapped throughout North Dakota starting in the spring and continuing through the summer and autumn. Densities were low in the spring but increased greatly during the early part of the summer, with peak adult emergence taking place at a time (July/August) when spring wheat was being harvested and winter wheat had not yet been planted. In the autumn, adults were found at a time when winter wheat seedlings are growing. The discovery of flies on Conservation Reserve Program land supports the idea that pasture grasses serve as alternate hosts. We conclude that the Hessian fly is a risk to wheat in the Upper Great Plains and predict that global warming and the increasing cultivation of winter wheat will add to this risk.
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| 9. |
- Kleman, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Hanseniaspora uvarum Attracts Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) With High Specificity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 115, s. 999-1007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early phase of the intercontinental dispersal of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), fermentation baits have been used for monitoring. Self-made lures and commercial products are often based on wine and vinegar. From an ecological perspective, the formulation of these baits is expected to target especially vinegar flies associated with overripe fruit, such as Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) (Ascomycota: Saccharomyceta) is a yeast closely associated with D. suzukii and fruit, and furthermore attractive to the flies. Based on this relation, H. uvarum might represent a suitable substrate for the development of lures that are more specific than vinegar and wine. In the field, we therefore, compared H. uvarum to a commercial bait that was based on vinegar and wine with respect to the number of trapped D. suzukii relative to other drosophilids and arthropods. Trap captures were higher with the commercial bait but specificity for D. suzukii was greater with H. uvarum. Moreover, H. uvarum headspace extracts, as well as a synthetic blend of H. uvarum volatiles, were assayed for attraction of D suzukii in a wind tunnel and in the field. Headspace extracts and the synthetic blend induced strong upwind flight in the wind tunnel and confirmed attraction to H. uvarum volatiles. Furthermore, baited with H. uvarum headspace extract and a drowning solution of aqueous acetic acid and ethanol, 74% of field captured arthropods were D. suzukii. Our findings suggest that synthetic yeast headspace formulations might advance the development of more selective monitoring traps with reduced by-catch.
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| 10. |
- Li, Wenli, et al.
(författare)
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Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and Its Importance in Sericulture, Food Consumption, and Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Entomology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0493 .- 1938-291X. ; 110:4, s. 1404-1411
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sericulture was developed in China in ancient times. Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville was domesticated at least 2,000 yr ago, and Chinese farmers developed artificial rearing of A. pernyi before the 17th century. Today, > 60,000 tons of cocoons are produced in China each year, which accounts for 90% of the world production. Despite the widespread utilization of A. pernyi in China and a long history of domestic research, the knowledge of A. pernyi outside China is limited. Therefore, we have in this paper summarized the production, usage, and breeding of A. pernyi. The foremost usage of A. pernyi is as silk producers; however, about 55-70% is used for other purposes. In this paper, we give examples of how the different developmental stages are used as a food source for human consumption and in traditional Chinese medicine, both directly in different preparations and also as a nutrient source for rearing medicinal fungi.
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