| 1. |
- Wingren, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Commentary on : Beer T, Bäckström B, Ottosson A, Rietz A, Michard J-F, Loisel J, et al. The utility of histology in assessing the cause of death in medico-legal autopsies in selected trauma deaths: Suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related. J Forensic Sci. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15193. Epub 2023 Jan 16
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:3, s. 1084-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Baudin, Christian, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A 24‐Year Follow‐up Study on Recidivism in Male Mentally Disordered Sexual Offenders With and Without Psychotic Disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 65:5, s. 1610-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge on mentally disordered sex offenders (MDSOs) targeting adult victims, especially regarding recidivism patterns and the specific subgroup with psychiatric disorders. This paper presents index offense data, clinical data, and recidivism patterns over up to 24 years in a cohort of 146 MDSOs, with and without psychotic disorders, sentenced in Sweden between 1993 and 1997. At the time of the offense, all offenders were affected by clinical, developmental, and criminal history factors. MDSOs with psychotic disorders only marginally differed from those without, the former being less likely to have been institutionalized during childhood, intoxicated during the index offense, or diagnosed with a personality disorder, substance use disorder, or paraphilic disorder. In the cohort, 3.4% of the MDSOs were reconvicted for a new sex offense over 2 years, 9.6% over 5 years, 13.0% over 10 years, and 17.1% over the entire follow-up period of 24 years. In MDSOs with psychotic disorders, no subjects were reconvicted during the first 2 years, while 2.6% were reconvicted over 5 years, 5.3% over 10 years, and 7.9% over 24 years. Recidivism rates for violent and general reoffenses were 39.0% and 37.7%, respectively, for the cohort of MDSOs, and subjects with psychotic disorders reoffended significantly later in general offenses. In conclusion, MDSOs with psychotic disorders showed the same recidivism pattern as MDSOs without psychotic disorders. Furthermore, recidivism research may preferably focus on follow-up periods of 5–10 years since most offenders appear to recidivate within this timeframe.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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Authors' response
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:3, s. 1086-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Beer, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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Increased lung weight in fatal intoxications is not unique to opioid drugs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:2, s. 518-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatal intoxications with opioids are known to be associated with an increased lung weight, as well as with brain and pulmonary edema and urinary retention. However, there is evidence to suggest that fatal intoxications with non-opioid substances are also associated with increased lung weight; however, the latter aspect has not been comprehensively analyzed. To determine to what extent opioid and non-opioid substances are associated with increased lung and brain weight, we studied these organs in cases where the cause of death was attributed to intoxication with a single agent. Using data from cases autopsied at the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) in Sweden from 2009 through 2019 where the cause of death was attributed to a single substance, we created models of combined lung weight and brain weight. The models used age and sex as predictors as well as nested varying effects for the specific intoxicant and category of intoxicant. Suicidal hanging with negative toxicology cases served as controls. The population majority was male among both intoxications (68%) and controls (83%). The most common single substance group was opioids. All tested substances were associated with heavier lungs than controls, with the largest effect in the opioid group. Our findings show that several substances are associated with increased lung weight and that among intoxication deaths there is no difference in expected brain weight between substances. Hence, heavy lungs, without a reasonable explanation, should prompt a broad toxicological screening.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of histology in assessing the cause of death in medico-legal autopsies in selected trauma deaths : suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:2, s. 509-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of a medico-legal autopsy is primarily to determine the cause and manner of death. To this end, the pathologist often uses auxiliary analyses, including histology. However, the utility of routine histology in all medico-legal autopsies is unknown. Earlier studies on the utility of routine histology have shown inconsistent effects, with some studies recommending it and others rejecting it. To study the degree to which histology informs on the underlying cause of death, we sent autopsy reports from suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths to senior board-certified forensic pathologists and had them assess the cause of death, first without knowledge of the histological findings and then with knowledge thereof. Fifty cases were identified in each of four subgroups: fire-, immersion-, suspension-, and traffic-related deaths. The autopsy reports were anonymized, and the histological findings and conclusions were removed. Two board-certified forensic pathologists independently reviewed the reports in each subgroup and assessed the manner and underlying cause of death (including their certainty of this assessment on a five-level scale) with and without access to histological findings. The probability of changing the underlying cause of death posthistology was low in all study groups. There was a slight increase in the degree of certainty posthistology in cases where the underlying cause of death was not changed, but only when the antehistology certainty was low. Our results suggest that histology does not meaningfully inform on the underlying cause of death in suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths except when antehistology certainty is low.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of lung weight to heart weight ratio as a means to identify suspected drug intoxication deaths in a medico-legal autopsy population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 66:4, s. 1329-1333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatal intoxications are common in a medico-legal autopsy setting and are associated with sparse findings during autopsy. It has been suggested that an increased lung weight may be associated with such fatalities. Previous literature is generally limited to a descriptive approach, including only opioid deaths, and lacking a definition of “heavy” lungs. Our aim was to create a model to identify cases with heavy lungs and to assess the predictive power of “heavy” lungs in identifying cases of different types of fatal intoxications during autopsy in an unselected medico-legal autopsy population. We identified all medico-legal autopsy cases ≥18 years in Sweden from 2000 through 2013. The lung weight to heart weight (LWHW) ratio was calculated. The positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of both lung weight and LWHW ratio were calculated. Mean lung weight was higher in the intoxication group but the predictive power in the individual case was limited. Lung weight to heart weight ratio had better predictive power than lung weight alone, with a PPV of at most 0.15(0.14, 0.16 95% CI), while the NPV was 0.96 (0.95, 0.96 95% CI). The association between fatal intoxication and increased lung weight was positive, regardless of method and cutoffs used. While the PPV was poor, the NPV could reduce suspicion of fatal intoxication in the absence of other information. LHWH ratio is only a probability factor for fatal intoxication; accurate cause of death determination—as always—requires consideration of circumstances, autopsy, and toxicologic findings.
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| 7. |
- Junuzovic, Mensura, et al.
(författare)
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Unintentional non-hunting firearm deaths in Sweden, 1983-2012
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 61:4, s. 966-971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the association between unintentional nonhunting firearm deaths and changes in firearm legislation in Sweden. There were 43 fatalities during the study time frame 1983-2012, representing 46% of all unintentional firearm deaths during the same period. The victims were predominantly young males (mean age 25 years). Slightly more than half of the deaths were caused by another person and were inflicted at close range. The main cause of the incidents was human error. The majority of the involved firearms were legal; however, most victims killed with illegal firearms were under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs at the time. The death rate decreased significantly following the introduction of the hunter's examination in 1985. Education and training associated with the hunter's examination was at least partially responsible for the decline in fatalities after 1985. Future prevention should target the availability of illegal firearms.
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| 8. |
- Alfsdotter, Clara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor human decomposition in Sweden : A retrospective quantitative study of forensic-taphonomic changes and postmortem interval in terrestrial and aquatic settings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 66:4, s. 1348-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a quantitative retrospective study of gross human decomposition in central and southeastern Sweden. The applicability of methods developed abroad for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation from decomposition morphology and temperature are is evaluated. Ninety‐four cases were analyzed (43 terrestrial and 51 aquatic) with a median PMI of 48 days. The results revealed differences in decomposition patterns between aquatic, surface, hanging, and buried remains. While partial saponification and desiccation occurred in cases of surface remains, complete skeletonization was observed in all cases with a PMI over two years. Aquatic skeletonization was slower due to extensive saponification in cases with PMI higher than one year. Formulae for assessing accumulated degree‐days (ADD) from the original methods did not fit the study material. However, a regression analysis demonstrated that 80% of decomposition variance in surface remains could be explained by ADD, suggesting that a geographically adapted equation holds promise for assessing PMI. In contrast, the model fit was poor for aquatic cases (43%). While this may be explained by problems in obtaining reliant aquatic temperature data or an insufficient scoring system, aquatic decomposition may be highly dependent on factors other than ADD alone. This study evaluates the applicability of current PMI methods on an outdoor sample from a previously unpublished region, and represents the first scientific publication of human outdoor decomposition patterns in Sweden. Suggestions for future research are provided, including that scoring methods should incorporate saponification to fit forensic taphonomy in Swedish environments.
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| 9. |
- Mathayan, Vairavel, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the chronological sequence of inks deposited with different writing and printing tools using ion beam analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 66:4, s. 1401-1409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining the sequence of inks in a questioned document is important in forensic science. Conventional and micro beam-based ion beam analysis using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and particle-induced X-ray emission were employed to study the depth distribution of chemical elements in plain paper and inks/toner deposited by different pens as well as inkjet and laser printers. Composition depth profiling with high lateral resolution was performed with focus on areas where two different coloring agents overlapped. We identify under which conditions the sequence of inks deposited can be reconstructed, analyzing the continuity of characteristic contributions to the obtained signals, with a focus on the depth-resolved RBS data. The order of deposition was correctly determined for combinations of two different laser printers and in certain cases for pens. Results indicate a potential for analysis, depending on the composition of staining agent, that is, in particular if heavy species are present in sufficiently high concentration. In such cases, also characters obscured or modified by an agent of different composition can be revealed. Changing the probing depth by modifying the beam energy could yield additional information.
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| 10. |
- Vaurio, O, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy and Mortality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of forensic sciences. - : Wiley. - 1556-4029 .- 0022-1198. ; 63:2, s. 474-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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