| 1. |
- Angerbrandt, Henrik
(författare)
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Deadly elections : post-election violence in Nigeria
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 56:1, s. 143-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two decades after the third wave of democratization', extensive violence continues to follow elections in sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas national processes connected to pre-election violence have received increased scholarly attention, little is known of local dynamics of violence after elections. This article examines the 2011 Nigerian post-election violence with regard to the ways in which national electoral processes interweave with local social and political disputes. The most affected state, Kaduna State, has a history of violent local relations connected to which group should control politics and the state. It is argued that electoral polarisation aggravated national ethno-religious divisions that corresponded to the dividing line of the conflict in Kaduna. A rapid escalation of violence was facilitated by local social networks nurtured by ethno-religious grievances.
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| 2. |
- Brockington, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Economic growth, rural assets and prosperity : exploring the implications of a 20-year record of asset growth in Tanzania
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 56:2, s. 217-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measures of poverty based on consumption suggest that recent economic growth in many African countries has not been inclusive, particularly in rural areas. We argue that measures of poverty using assets may provide a different picture. We present data based on recent re-surveys of Tanzanian households first visited in the early 1990s. These demonstrate a marked increase in prosperity from high levels of poverty. It does not, however, follow that these improvements derive from GDP growth. We consider the implications of this research for further explorations of the relationship between economic growth and agricultural policy in rural areas.
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| 3. |
- Brosché, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Crisis of governance in South Sudan : electoral politics and violence in the world's newest nation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 54:1, s. 67-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since mid-December 2013, thousands of people have been killed in armed conflict in South Sudan. The fighting is entrenched in a power struggle between the main political contenders ahead of elections which were scheduled for 2015. This article examines the violence in South Sudan since the North-South war ended with a focus on the consequences of the introduction of electoral politics. Our research contributes to the literature on state-building and peace-building in war-torn societies, by exploring how the extreme levels of violence are linked to three groups of factors. First, the stakes involved in being part of the government are extremely high, since it is the only way to secure political and economic influence. Second, the actors involved in political life are dominated by individuals who held positions within the rebel groups, which increases the risk of political differences turning violent. Third, the institutions important for a legitimate electoral process, and which work to prevent violence, are weak or non-existent.
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| 4. |
- D'Arcy, Michelle
(författare)
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Non-state actors and universal services in Tanzania and Lesotho: state-building by Alliance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 51:2, s. 219-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years over half of all African states have re-introduced some form of universal basic service provision, though many more have done so in education when compared with health. Most existing explanations of these developments have emphasised the importance of demand side factors associated with democratisation. This paper argues that while democratisation has been important in generating pressure for reform, alliances with actors outside the state - such as donors and non-state service providers - have been the critical enabling factor allowing weak states to overcome their capacity constraints and respond. Two illustrative case studies are used to show how variation in alliance opportunities has led to differences in outcomes both between social sectors and across countries. An inter-sector comparison of health and education policy in Tanzania shows how a difference in donor policy preferences between sectors - donors having converged behind the principle of universal primary education but not universal healthcare - has led to variation in alliance opportunities and hence policy outcomes. A 'least likely' case of healthcare reform in Lesotho shows how an alliance with a non-state provider has made difficult reforms possible.
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| 5. |
- Elfversson, Emma, 1983-
(författare)
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Peace from below : Governance and peacebuilding in Kerio Valley, Kenya
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 54:3, s. 469-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under what circumstances can non-state actors become successful local peacemakers? A growing body of research documents the involvement of non-state actors in local conflict resolution in Africa. However, there is large variation in such actors' power, legitimacy, and ultimately their ability to contribute to conflict resolution. The ways in which contextual and dynamic factors at local and national levels, and in particular the relationship between non-state and state actors and institutions, affect local conflict resolution are not sufficiently understood. To address this gap, this paper analyses the peace process addressing a long-standing conflict in Kerio Valley, Kenya. The analysis illustrates how the failure of the state to provide security and basic services led non-state actors to fill important roles in governance. Through this process, they were endowed with legitimacy and power which enabled them to play key roles in a peace process that led to a mutually acceptable peace agreement.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of violence: voices of soldiers in the Congo (DRC)
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 46:1, s. 57-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last years the DRC has made itself known in the world for terrible acts of violence committed by armed men – militia and the regular army – against the civilian population. The voices of the soldiers and combatants have so far been absent in the accounts of this violence. This silence is problematic, both because it makes it harder to understand such violence, but also because it reinforces stereotypes of African warriors as primitive and anarchic, driven by innate violence and tribal hatred. Enquiry into the particular discursive as well as material circumstances of the armed conflict in the DRC, which might better redress the complex and interrelated context in which ‘people in uniforms’ commit violence, is consequently impeded. The story we recount here emerges from soldiers within the main perpetrator of violence in the DRC today: the Integrated Armed Forces. The soldiers' interview texts challenge the dominant representation of soldiers and combatants in the DRC. The soldiers made sense of the prevalence of violence (in which they too had participated) in several interrelated ways, none of which reflected any expression of ‘natural’ (if dormant) violent tendencies, hatred or vengefulness for the enemy.
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| 7. |
- Finnström, Sverker
(författare)
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Child Soldiers in Africa by Alcinda Honwana
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 46:1, s. 161-162
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Klaus, Kathleen, et al.
(författare)
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Defending the city, defending votes: campaign strategies in urban Ghana
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern African Studies. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-278X .- 1469-7777. ; 55:4, s. 681-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid urbanisation in African democracies is changing the way that political parties engage with their constituents, shifting relations between hosts and migrants. This article examines the strategies that parties use to maintain and build electoral support in increasingly diverse contexts. Drawing on in-depth interviews and ethnographic research in Accra, Ghana, we find that some urban political parties rely on inclusive forms of mobilisation, promoting images of cosmopolitanism and unity to incorporate a broad grassroots coalition. Yet in nearby constituencies, parties respond to changing demographics through exclusive forms of mobilisation, using narratives of indigeneity and coercion to intimidate voters who ‘do not belong’. Two factors help explain this variation in mobilisation: incumbency advantage and indigene dominance. In contrast to most scholarship on ethnicity and electoral politics in Africa, we find that these varying mobilisation strategies emerge from very local neighbourhood-level logics and motivations.
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