| 1. |
- Björklund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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In-group ratings are affected by who asks and how: interactive effects of experimenter group-membership and response format.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 151:5, s. 625-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In three experiments, participants rated how well a number of adjectives described their in-group (e.g. kind-hearted, helpful, intelligent, efficient, etc.). In Experiment 1, females were found to rate their ingroup (females) more favorably when reporting verbally to female (rather than male) experimenters. This finding was further explored in two subsequent experiments where response format (written vs. verbal) was also manipulated. Both experiments revealed an interaction such that ethnic Swedes rated their in-group (Swedes) the most favorably when reporting verbally to an in-group experimenter and the least favorably when reporting verbally to a Middle Eastern experimenter. Results are discussed in relation to correction and contextual activation of social norms.
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| 2. |
- Blinkhorn, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between narcissism and acceptance of violence revealed through a game designed to induce social ostracism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 161:3, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows that social exclusion may provoke aggression, especially in those who exhibit high levels of sensitivity to rejection, which has been related to aspects of narcissism. Few studies have investigated how individuals with high levels of narcissism react to social exclusion. In two experiments, we created and tested the effectiveness of a new game, Cyberpass, and investigated whether exclusion in this game increased positive attitudes toward violence in participants with high levels of narcissism. Cyberpass was effective in influencing feelings of lack of acceptance, and feelings of exclusion. Narcissism was correlated with less boredom and stronger feelings of rejection in the exclusion condition in Cyberpass. The Entitlement/Exploitativeness facet of narcissism was correlated with higher acceptance of violence in the exclusion condition. Results indicate that narcissistic individuals may be more supportive of violence after social exclusion but in order to experience this, they may require more explicit cues of ostracism.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Prototypes and same-gender bias in perceptions of hiring discrimination
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 158:3, s. 285-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the relative importance of two explanations behind perceptions of gender discrimination in hiring: prototypes and same- gender bias. According to the prototype explanation, people perceive an event as discrimination to the extent that it fits their preconceptions of typical discrimination. In contrast, the same-gender bias explanation asserts that people more readily detect discrimination toward members of their own gender. In four experiments (n = 797), women and men made considerably stronger discrimination attributions, and were moderately more discouraged from seeking work, when the victim was female rather than male. Further, a series of regressions analyses showed beliefs in discrimination of women to be moderately correlated with discrimination attributions of female victims, but little added explanatory value of participant gender, stigma consciousness, or feminist identification. The results offer strong support for the prototype explanation.
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| 4. |
- Dahlén, Micael, et al.
(författare)
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The homicidol effect: investigating murder as a fitness signal.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge). - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 152:2, s. 147-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article extends homicide adaptation theory by investigating signal effects of a murder. In two experiments (N = 299 and N = 161) participants reported their perceptions of a described person. The first study manipulated the information about the person (including or excluding a single sentence stating that the person has committed a murder) and stimulus person/observer sex match (same vs. opposite sex). Results suggest that murder functions as a signal of the described person's fitness that enhances observers' evaluations and inclination to interact with the person. Opposite-sex observers evaluate the murderer's intent more favorably than same-sex observers, but these evaluations of intent produce differential (positive vs. negative) effects between the two groups. The second study replicated the findings and ruled out potential confounds.
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| 5. |
- Durrah, Omar, et al.
(författare)
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Toxic leadership as a predictor of physical and psychological withdrawal behaviours in the healthcare sector
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aims to examine how toxic management styles can lead to both psychological and physical withdrawal of employees in the healthcare sector. The quantitative approach was used in this research. Preliminary data was collected through online questionnaires from 413 employees working in private and public hospitals and health centers in France. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses in the SmartPLS program. The research results indicate a direct positive effect of two styles of toxic leadership (unpredictability and authoritarian leadership) on physical withdrawal behaviors. The results also showed that self-promotion and unpredictability positively affect psychological withdrawal behaviors in hospitals and health centers. The results of the research can be useful for managing health centers to remove the behaviors of toxic leaders from the work environment and protect and support staff so that they can continue carrying out their duties.
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| 6. |
- Jungert, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Distinguishing Source of Autonomy Support in Relation to Workers Motivation and Self-Efficacy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 153:6, s. 651-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the relationship between autonomy support by managers and co-workers and employees work motivation and self-efficacy in two studies. In Study 1, a sample of 343 Swedish workers completed surveys, and in Study 2, we followed up with a subsample of 98 workers one year later. As in previous studies, managers support of autonomy was significantly positively related to workers outcomes. However, the results of Study 1 also showed that co-worker autonomy support was related to these outcomes over and above the effects of manager support. Study 2 showed that changes in autonomy support from co-workers during one year significantly predicted motivation and self-efficacy one year later, while change in support from managers was unrelated to outcomes later. These findings provide evidence for the importance of both vertical and horizontal sources of support.
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| 7. |
- Jörgensen, Öyvind, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional correction in social judgments: How a cue to the risk of bias causes more favorable ratings of some groups but less favorable of others.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 153:2, s. 131-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correction of judgments of people of different ethnicities and sexes was explored by exposing participants to cues to the risk of making biased judgments (from explicit warnings to subtle hints). In three experiments, a three-way interaction was revealed, where the effect of a cue to bias varied as a function of both the ethnicity and sex of the target person. Some targets (White males) were generally rated less favorably when judges were reminded of bias, whereas other targets (Black males, Middle Eastern males and White females) were generally rated more favorably, indicating bidirectional correction. Finally, a normative account of the results was explored. In a pattern consistent with the experimental results, it was considered more important to avoid overrating White men than all other groups, and more important to avoid underrating all other groups than White men. The results are discussed in relation to theories of correction and intergroup bias.
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| 8. |
- Lindqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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How predictions of economic behavior are affected by the socio-economic status of the target person
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-1183 .- 0022-4545. ; 158:3, s. 361-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how the stereotype of the poor (vs. middle class) influences behavioral predictions. In Study 1, participants made predictions regarding another person’s economic behavior in scenarios pertaining to rate of time preferences (loss, gain of smaller and larger amount). We find that participants, across scenarios, expect individuals with low SES to show more short-sightedness—i.e., steeper temporal discounting. This pattern persisted until strong diagnostic information about previous economic behavior was provided. These results are novel but consistent with previous work on stereotype application. Study 2 probed stereotype accuracy. Participants with lower vs. higher SES reported how they would act in scenarios matching those of Study 1. We find that they respond very similarly, which is in contrast to the stereotype that poor people are more short-sighted and may possibly be taken to suggest that the association between low SES and short-sightedness is biased.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Björn N., et al.
(författare)
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Empathy and Universal Values Explicated by the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 156:6, s. 610-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research reports that empathy is on the decline in present-day society together with an increasing trend in self-enhancing values. Based on the empathy-altruism hypothesis we investigated whether these constructs are interlinked, by analyzing the relationships between emotional and cognitive empathy and 10 universal values. In the first study, using a middle-aged US sample, the results showed that empathy was strongly and positively related to altruistic values and negatively to self-enhancing values in a pattern which aligned with the empathy-altruism hypothesis. In a second confirmation study, these findings were replicated and extended, while also controlling for the Big Five personality traits, to discount that empathy is only captured by basic personality. Only emotional empathy, not cognitive empathy, accounted for up to 18% additional variance in altruistic values, which further confirmed the emphasis on feelings, as postulated by the empathy-altruism hypothesis.
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| 10. |
- Riddell, Hugh, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous motivation promotes goal attainment through the conscious investment of effort, but mental contrasting with implementation intentions makes goal striving easier
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 164:2, s. 230-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with autonomous motives (e.g., personal importance) may use automated strategies to effortlessly sustain goal-directed behavior and overcome obstacles. We investigated whether conscious effort, ease of goal striving, physiological effort, and the number of obstacles encountered mediate relations between motives and goal attainment for a competitive cycling goal. Additionally, half the participants (n = 57) were trained in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII)–a technique that facilitates development of goal-directed behavior–with remaining participants (n = 54) treated as controls. Conscious investment of effort mediated relations between autonomous motives and goal attainment. Subjective ease of goal striving and physiological effort did not. This result indicates that successful goal striving is not perceived as effortless for autonomously motivated individuals working on competitive goals. Conversely, MCII predicted a reduction in obstacles, which in turn was associated with easier goal striving but not goal attainment. Although MCII did not support goal attainment in the current study, its ability to minimize the influence of obstacles may still be useful for other types of goals or for sustaining long-term goal pursuit. © 2023 Taylor & Francis.
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