| 1. |
- Stenkula, Mikael
(författare)
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The Euro cash changeover process
- 2004
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Ingår i: Kyklos. - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 57:2, s. 265-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes and analyzes the Euro cash changeover process. The European Monetary Union, EMU, is a unique event in history, although other monetary unions were formed and existed long before. Still, this giant experiment makes it possible to study changes in the monetary environment from a unique and new position. The article tries to find factors that can help to explain the different pace of transition between the countries participating in the third stage of the EMU. Even though it was common knowledge that the national currency would lose its status as legal tender at a predetermined point in time, the speed of acceptance of the new monetary standard could not be directly controlled by the relevant authorities. Hence, the whole changeover process was formed as much by the authorities as by the public. The paper focuses on four types of factors that may help to explain the differences in the pace of transition pattern between the countries: network related reasons, technical and logistic reasons, characteristics of the financial and payment systems and psychological reasons. It is found that the initial supply of Euro bank notes (so-called frontloading), the size of the population of the country, the length of the period when the national currency and Euro bank notes were used side by side, and the number of bank branches (per capita) together can help to explain a large part of the variation in the pace of adoption of the new monetary standard across the countries. The first two of these factors support the idea that currency is a network good. Psychological factors, such as nationalism, have not been found to significantly influence the outcome.
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| 2. |
- Kokko, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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International Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Swedish Patent Data
- 2000
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG. - 1467-6435 .- 0023-5962. ; 53:1, s. 17-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using references in Swedish patent data, we examine technology sourcing in Swedish multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and non-multinational small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results show that both types of firms are more likely to make references to countries with large patent stocks and to countries that are located close to Sweden. Trade and FDI also seem to facilitate the transfer of foreign technology to Sweden. However, trade contacts seem to be more important for technology sourcing in SMEs than in MNEs. Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a channel for the diffusion of foreign technology to both home-country MNEs and SMEs.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Free to trust : Economic freedom and social capital
- 2006
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 59:2, s. 141-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new evidence on how generalized trust is formed. Unlike previous studies, we look at the explanatory power of economic institutions, we use newer data, we incorporate more countries, and we use instrumental variables in an attempt to handle the causality problem. A central result is that legal structure and security of property rights (area 2 of the Economic Freedom Index) increase trust. The idea is that a market economy, building on voluntary transactions and interactions with both friends and strangers within the predictability provided by the rule of law, entails both incentives and mechanisms for trust to emerge between people.
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| 4. |
- Dreber Almenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Lady and the Trump : status and wealth in the marriage market
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kyklos. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 62:2, s. 161-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indicators of past wealth - 'old money' - typically bestow prestige and contribute to high status. Nobility, a culturally determined, hereditary status marker, might act as such an indicator, and thereby serve as a vehicle for the cultural transmission of economic standing. As an institution, nobility is an anachronism. Status, however, plays an important role in most societies, making individuals allocate valuable resources to status-enhancing activities. This suggests that even though nobility no longer entails formal privileges, it may continue to be coveted as a status marker. We examine the relative performance of nobility in the marriage market. Data on Swedish marriages provide an opportunity to test the hypothesis that the probability of hypergamy (marrying 'up') in terms of wealth increases when an individual belongs to the nobility. Our main finding is a significantly higher probability of hypergamy for members of the nobility, controlling for own wealth and other covariates. This 'nobility premium' is sizeable. The effect is statistically significant and robust to a number of different measures of hypergamy. This finding has implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality, and for the longevity of the institution of nobility itself.
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| 5. |
- Hammarstedt, Mats, 1965-
(författare)
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Intergenerational mobility and the earnings position of first-, second-, and third-generation immigrants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 62:2, s. 275-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immigrants' labour market situation has been in the focus of research in economics as well as in other sciences, and the labour market situation of immigrants and their children (i.e. first- and second-generation immigrants) is relatively well documented in many countries today. However, less attention has up to now been paid to the labour market and earnings situation among the grandchildren of immigrants, i.e. third-generation immigrants. Against this background, this paper studies intergenerational earnings mobility and the earnings position of three generations of immigrants in Sweden. The results indicate a regression towards the native earnings mean in immigrant earnings across the first two generations in the sense that immigrants earn more than natives in the first generation while there are small ethnic earnings in the second generation. Furthermore, immigrants earn less than natives in the third generation. Thus, the results suggest a downward trend in immigrants' relative earnings across generations. One conclusion of the study is that ethnic differences in earnings may occur beyond the second generation of immigrants and that the problem with integration of immigrants therefore may last for several generations.
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| 6. |
- Priks, Mikael
(författare)
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Does Frustration Lead to Violence? Evidence from the Swedish Hooligan Scene
- 2010
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 63:3, s. 450-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sport-related violence is widespread. Yet, there is a poor understanding of what factors trigger hooligans to become unruly. In this paper I test the so called frustration-aggression hypothesis, which holds that thwarted expectations from a reference point tend to lead to violent behavior. I use unique data on hooligan violence in Sweden. I find that frustration, generated by a team's bad performance, indeed leads to unruly supporter behavior. A one-position drop in the soccer league leads to approximately 5 percent more unruly behavior by the team's supporters. The analysis helps policy makers in their endeavors to reduce group-related violence.
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| 7. |
- Aldén, Lina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination in the credit market? : Access to financial capital among self-employed immigrants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 69:1, s. 3-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from a unique combination of survey and register data regarding access to financial capital conducted among immigrants who are self-employed in private firms in Sweden's retail, trade, and service sectors. This study is the first to examine discrimination against self-employed immigrants in the credit market of a developed economy outside the US. The results demonstrate that non-European immigrants consider access to financial capital a more serious impediment to their self-employment activities than do native Swedes and European immigrants. Self-employed non-European immigrants report more discrimination by banks, suppliers, and customers than do natives and immigrants from European countries. Immigrant-owned firms apply for bank loans to a larger extent than do firms owned by natives. Non-European immigrants especially are more likely than natives to have a loan denied, and they are also charged higher interest rates on their bank loans than natives. The results are robust to various different robustness checks. The occurrence of ethnic discrimination in the market for bank loans is put forward as an explanation for these results. Limited or lack of access to financial capital is a major obstacle to self-employment among certain immigrant groups. This obstacle may be one explanation for the high exit rates from self-employment among immigrants, a finding that has been documented in several countries including Sweden.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Banks, Ferdinand E.
(författare)
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W.T. Newlyn, The Theory of Money
- 1972
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Ingår i: Kyklos (Basel). - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 25:2, s. 421-422
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Berggren, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Migrants and Life Satisfaction : The Role of the Country of Origin and the Country of Residence
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kyklos. - : Wiley. - 0023-5962 .- 1467-6435. ; 73:3, s. 436-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how the life satisfaction of migrants is affected by life satisfaction in their background country and in their new country of residence. In particular, we contribute to the literature by differentiating between first- and second-generation immigrants and by differentiating between types of background country. Using data from the European Social Survey on 30,000 immigrants from 200 countries in 32 European countries, we find that for first-generation immigrants, the effect of the average life satisfaction of the background country is strong for migrants from developed countries, smaller for migrants from developing countries and zero for migrants from post-communist countries. Moreover, the effect from the country of residence is strong for all groups, indicating that while most of these immigrants retain ties to or are still under the influence of the culture of the old country, they develop important ties to the new country. However, second-generation immigrants are not influenced by the life-satisfaction of the background country at all, indicating that they are strongly attuned to life in the country in which they were born.
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