| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Niclas, 1968-
(författare)
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Vowel epenthesis of /sC(C)/ onsets in Spanish/Swedish interphonology: A longitudinal case study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Language learning. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 49:3, s. 473-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies showed that vowel epenthesis of initial /sC(C)/ clusters in the L2 production of L1 Spanish speakers is conditioned by several variable constraints, such as preceding environment, onset length, and sonority relations among onset members. This case study was designed to investigate whether the patterns obtained from elicited speech also hold for conversational data. A longitudinal corpus of spontaneous/natural speech from 1 adult L1 Spanish learner of L2 Swedish was used. The study confirmed most of the results from previous research, for example, that the frequency of epenthesis varies with preceding phonetic environment. However, the study suggested that a lowering effect of preceding vowels must be present, not just the enhancing effect of preceding consonants suggested by Carlisle (1997).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arndt, Henriette L., et al.
(författare)
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The Lang-Track-App : Open-Source Tools for Implementing the Experience Sampling Method in Second Language Acquisition Research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Language Learning. - : Wiley. - 1467-9922 .- 0023-8333. ; 73:3, s. 869-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces the Lang-Track-App, a smartphone application and backend system to aid second language acquisition researchers in implementing the experience sampling method (ESM). Surveying research participants with the Lang-Track-App multiple times per day can yield exceptionally rich data that can be analyzed in multiple ways. This article explains the different Lang-Track-App components and describes workflows for both researchers and participants. To demonstrate the step-by-step implementation, we present a recent study of language use in study abroad as a test case in which we used the Lang-Track-App to collect ESM data about frequency and qualitative aspects of language use. A selection of findings from this study highlights the richness of ESM data and how they can be analyzed at various levels. Researchers wishing to use the Lang-Track-App to implement the ESM in their own research can access the full open-source code and documentation via GitHub (https://github.com/HumlabLu).
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| 4. |
- Athanasopoulos, Panos, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of COVID-Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization : Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space-Time Mappings
- 2024
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Ingår i: Language Learning. - 0023-8333.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temporal focus hypothesis (TFH) entails that individuals who value the past tend to conceptualize it in front, whereas individuals who value the future tend to map the future in front instead (de la Fuente et al., 2014). This varies as a function of culture, individual differences, and context. Here, we extend this line of inquiry by testing a contextual variable, namely COVID-19 quarantine status, and an individual differences variable, namely future precautionary behavior towards COVID-19. Contrary to what the TFH would predict, we show that participants map the future to a frontal position, regardless of individual attitudes and quarantine status. However, participants who displayed more future precautionary behavior were also more future-focused than participants who displayed less such behaviour, but this did not predict their front–back mappings of the future. These findings suggest that individual differences may be stronger determinants of temporal focus than contextual variables.
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| 5. |
- Bokander, Lars, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the internal validity of the LLAMA language aptitude tests
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language learning. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 70:1, s. 11-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade, the LLAMA language aptitude test battery has come to play an increasingly important role as an instrument in research on individual differences in language development. However, a potentially serious problem that has been pointed out by several scholars is that the LLAMA has not yet been carefully validated. We addressed this issue by examining the internal validity of this test battery. We collected LLAMA data from 350 participants and assessed these data using classical item analysis, Rasch analysis, and principal component analysis within a framework of best practices in educational and psychological test validation. The results show that only one out of the four subtests (LLAMA B) produced scores that fit a latent trait model with sufficient accuracy. This suggests that researchers using the LLAMA battery must treat their results with appropriate carefulness and also that there is potential for refining the LLAMA further.
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| 6. |
- Bylund, Emanuel, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Crosslinguistic Differences in Food Labels Do Not Yield Differences in Taste Perception
- 2024
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Ingår i: Language learning. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown that speakers of different languages may differ in their cognitive and perceptual processing of reality. A common denominator of this line of investigation has been its reliance on the sensory domain of vision. The aim of our study was to extend the scope to a new sense—taste. Using as a starting point crosslinguistic differences in the category boundaries of edible bulbs, we examined whether monolingual speakers of English and bilingual speakers of Norwegian and English were influenced by language-specific categories during tasting. The results showed no evidence of such effects, not even for the Norwegian participants in an entirely Norwegian context. This suggests that crosslinguistic differences in visual perception do not readily generalize to the domain of taste. We discuss the findings in terms of predictive processing, with particular reference to trigeminal stimulation (a central tasting component) and the interplay between chemosensory signals and top-down linguistic modulation.
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| 7. |
- Bylund, Emanuel, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Linguistic relativity in SLA : Towards a new research programme
- 2014
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Ingår i: Language learning. - : Wiley. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 64:4, s. 952-985
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the current article is to support the investigation of linguistic relativity in second language acquisition and sketch methodological and theoretical prerequisites toward developing the domain into a full research program. We identify and discuss three theoretical-methodological components that we believe are needed to succeed in this enterprise. First, we highlight the importance of using nonverbal methods to study linguistic relativity effects in second language (L2) speakers. The use of nonverbal tasks is necessary in order to avoid the circularity that arises when inferences about nonverbal behavior are made on the basis of verbal evidence alone. Second, we identify and delineate the likely cognitive mechanisms underpinning cognitive restructuring in L2 speakers by introducing the theoretical framework of associative learning. By doing so, we demonstrate that the extent and nature of cognitive restructuring in L2 speakers is essentially a function of variation in individual learners’ trajectories. Third, we offer an in-depth discussion of the factors (e.g., L2 proficiency and L2 use) that characterize those trajectories, anchoring them to the framework of associative learning, and reinterpreting their relative strength in predicting L2 speaker cognition.
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| 8. |
- Bylund, Emanuel
(författare)
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Maturational constraints and first language attrition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Language learning. - : Wiley. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 59:3, s. 687-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to examine how first language attrition research on maturational constraints interprets and links its findings to current views on maturation in the field of second language acquisition. It is argued that attrition research exhibits certain inconsistencies in the interpretation of the structural characteristics of the critical period and the interplay between maturation and nonmaturational factors in attrition. In view of findings from first language relearning/reactivation and theoretical-methodological advances in second language research on maturation, the article proposes a reinterpretation of maturational constraints in language attrition that, first, emphasizes the gradual decline of susceptibility to attrition and, second, puts forth the conditioning function that the maturational constraints have on nonmaturational factors.
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| 9. |
- Coventry, William, et al.
(författare)
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The Etiology of Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition in Australian School Students: A Behavior-Genetic Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Language learning. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0023-8333 .- 1467-9922. ; 62:3, s. 880-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present one of the first behavior-genetic studies of individual differences in school students levels of achievement in instructed second language acquisition (ISLA). We assessed these language abilities in Australian twin pairs (maximum N pairs = 251) by means of teacher ratings, class rankings, and self-ratings of proficiency, and used the classic twin design to estimate the relative influences of genes, shared (family/school) environment, and unique environment. Achievement in ISLA was more influenced by additive genetic effects (72%, 68%, and 38% for teacher ratings, class rankings, and twin self-ratings, respectively) than by shared environment effects, which were generally not substantial (20%, 07%, and 13%). Genetic effects distinct to speaking and listening, on the one hand, and reading and writing, on the other, were evident for the twin self-ratings. We discuss the limitations and implications of these findings and point to research questions that could profitably be addressed in future studies.
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