| 1. |
- Löfgren, Christer
(författare)
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Do leptites represent precambrian island arc rocks?
- 1979
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 12:2, s. 159-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparison of 172 analyses of Recent to Mesozoic volcanic rocks from New Zealand and 122 analyses of Svecofennian volcanic rocks (leptites) from the Swedish Precambrian (1,700-2,200 my), reveal strong similarities between these rock types. This suggests that the leptites form an island are suite of calc-alkaline rocks, ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition and that they represent a well-defined rock type containing little or no sedimentary material. Probably they originated at a Precambrian subduction zone
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Öhlander, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of 1.8 Ga potassic granitoids along the edge of the Archaean craton in northern Scandinavia : a result of melt formation at various depths and from various sources
- 1994
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 33:4, s. 265-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The edge of the Archaean craton in northern Scandinavia had been intensively reworked during the Svecofennian orogeny 1.93-1.86 Ga ago and was subsequently intruded by potassic granitoids of 1.79–1.80 Ga age. Despite similar or even identical ages and overlapping areas of occurrence, these rocks belong to two different groups, the Edefors and Lina granitoids, which have contrasting geochemistries and Sm---Nd isotopic characteristics. The Edefors granitoids range from syenites to granites, and are alkali-rich and distinctly metaluminous. They crystallized from dry magmas. This is indicated by the scarcity of pegmatites and aplites. The contacts to older rocks are often distinct, but gradual transitions to Lina-type granitoids are common. The Edefors granitoids have high contents of Zr but not of elements such as Y, REE, Ta and Nb, and have low Mg/Mg+Fe ratios. They also frequently have positive Eu anomalies, even in the quartz rich varieties. Initial εNd values range from −2.1 to +1.4, indicating that the Edefors granitoids were formed by the mixing of mantle-derived magmas and continental crustal materials. The amount of crustal component was probably less than 35% in most cases. The Lina granitoids are accompanied by abundant pegmatites and aplites. Ghost structures and remnants of country rock are common. True granites predominate, but also quartz monzonites occur. The content of HFS elements is low and the Mg/Mg+Fe ratios are higher than in the Edefors granitoids. Initial εNd values range from −9.3 to −3.7, reflecting a significant portion of Archaean Nd in the source materials. The Lina granitoids are largely the result of remobilisation of continental crust with a small input of juvenile material. However, the dominant source for these crustally derived granitoids are c. 1.9 Ga old granitoids. These carry a large proportion of Archaean Nd. The most probable environment of the formation of potassic migmatite granitoids, such as the Lina type, is a collision zone between two masses of felsic crust (e.g. arc-continent or continent-continent), but the details of such a collision in the Baltic Shield remain to evaluated. The formation of the Edefors granitoids could have been associated with an extensional zone developed due to delamination caused by separation of the down-dip oceanic lithosphere from the continental lithosphere.
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| 4. |
- Abu El-Enen, M.M., et al.
(författare)
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P–T path and timing of crustal thickening during amalgamation of East and West Gondwana: A case study from the Hafafit Metamorphic Complex, Eastern Desert of Egypt.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 263, s. 213-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The southeastern sector of the Hafafit Metamorphic Complex, southern Eastern Desert of Egypt comprises infrastructural orthogneisses of tonalite and syenogranite parentage, amphibolites, and a volcano-sedimentary association. These are overthrust by an obducted suprastructural ophiolite nappes via the Nugrus thrust. The protolith of the biotite–hornblende-gneisses was formed during island-arc accretion, while that of the garnet–biotite gneisses were formed in a within-plate regime, consistent with a transition to a post-collisional setting. The volcano-sedimentary association comprises interbedded and intercalated highly foliated metapelitic schists, metabasites, and leucocratic gneisses, deposited in a back-arc basin. The metapelites and the leucocratic gneisses originated from immature Fe-shales and arkoses derived from intermediate-mafic and acidic igneous rocks, respectively, via weak chemical weathering in a tectonically active island arc terrane. The intercalated amphibolites were derived from tholeiitic basalts generated in a back-arc setting.The volcano-sedimentary association was metamorphosed under upper-amphibolite facies conditions with pressures of 9–13 kbar and temperatures of 570–675 °C, as derived from conventional geothermobarometry and pseudosection calculation. A steep, tight clockwise P–T path is constrained and a geothermal gradient around 20 °C/km is estimated for the peak metamorphism. We assume that deformation and metamorphism are due to crustal thickening during the collision of East and West Gondwana, where peak metamorphism took place in the middle to lower crust at 33 km average crustal depth. This was followed by a subsequent quasi-isothermal decompression due to rapid exhumation during wrench tectonics. Sinistral transcurrent shearing with extensional denudation resulted in vertical ductile thinning that was accompanied by heat input from magmatism, as indicated by a higher geothermal gradient during retrograde metamorphism and exhumation of the complex.U–Pb data from magmatic zircons yields protolith ages of 731 ± 3 Ma for the biotite–hornblende gneisses and 646 ± 12 Ma for the garnet–biotite gneisses. Conforming to field evidence, our geochronology data point to a depositional age of the volcano-sedimentary cover at around 650 Ma. The age of metamorphism is constrained by a low Th/U ratio of a zircon grain crystallized at an age of 597 ± 6 Ma.
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| 5. |
- Ali, Rabea A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Neoproterozoic and Cretaceous mantle oxidation states : Controls Chock for and heterogeneity through time
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the oxygen fugacity (fO(2)) of the Neoproterozoic and Cretaceous suprasubduction zone mantle, and to evaluate the possible secular changes in the upper mantle oxidation state, the compositions of spinel, olivine and orthopyroxene of Neoproterozoic (Egypt and Saudi Arabia) and late Cretaceous (Iran) mantle rocks were determined. For accurate estimation fO(2), spinel ferric iron was calculated after correcting the electron microprobe data using a set of spine! standards for which the ferric iron content was measured by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The Neoproterozoic samples record strongly heterogenous fO(2) values ranging from moderately oxidized (FMQ +0.54) to ultra-reduced (FMQ-4.73) for harzburgites, from highly oxidized (FMQ+1.49) to moderately reduced (FMQ-0.60) for dunites as well as one highly reduced (FMQ-1.61) value for chromitite. Such heterogeneity is not apparent in the late Cretaceous harzburgites that record fO(2) values ranging from slightly oxidized (FMQ +0.45) to moderately reduced (FMQ -0.85). The fO(2) of the Neoproterozoic forearc mantle is most easily explained by melt-mantle interaction and deep-mantle recycling, while that of the late Cretaceous forearc mantle can be attributed to variable degrees of melt-mantle interaction. The estimated fO(2 )values of Neoproterozoic/Cretaceous mantle unaffected by melt-rock interaction and deep-mantle recycling, and published values of Precambrian and Modern mantle suggest a consistent upper mantle oxidation state from Proterozoic to present day.
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| 6. |
- Barker, Abigail, et al.
(författare)
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Disequilibrium in historic volcanic rocks from Fogo, Cape Verde traces carbonatite metasomatism of recycled ocean crust
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; , s. 107328-107328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fogo, Cape Verde, located upon thick oceanic lithosphere, provides a window into processes occurring in the mantle where recycled ocean crust in an upwelling mantle plume interacts with ambient mantle. Our objective is to investigate the nature of the lithologies of the mantle sources involved in the petrogenesis of historic volcanic rocks from Fogo. We observe enclaves and mingling textures in the lavas combined with oxygen isotope disequilibrium between olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Olivine δ18O values display positive correlations with Zr/Hf and Zr/Y and a negative correlation with U/Th, whereas clinopyroxene δ 18O values correlate positively with Ba/Nb. Heterogeneity between crystal populations and within the groundmass indicates that multiple magma batches are mixed beneath Fogo. In terms of mantle endmembers and source lithologies, a HIMU endmember was generated by melting of carbonated eclogite as indicated by low δ 18O values, Zr/Hf, Ba/Nb and high U/Th ratios. In contrast, we show the EM1 endmember has high δ 18O, Zr/Hf, Ba/Nb and low U/Th ratios, derived from melting of variably carbonated peridotite. Additionally, Ba/Th ratio are high, indicating that carbonatite melts have contributed to alkaline magma compositions at Fogo.
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| 7. |
- Batki, Aniko, et al.
(författare)
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Petrogenetic significance of ocellar camptonite dykes in the Ditrau Alkaline Massif, Romania
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 200, s. 181-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Camptonite dykes intrude the rift-related Mesozoic igneous body of the Ditrau Alkaline Massif, Eastern Carpathians, Romania. We present and discuss mineral chemical data, major and trace elements, and the Nd isotopic compositions of the dykes in order to define their nature and origin. The dykes are classified as the clinopyroxene-bearing (camptonite-I) and clinopyroxene-free (camptonite-II) varieties. Camptonite-I consists of aluminian-ferroan diopside phenocrysts accompanied by kaersutite, subordinate Ti-rich annite, albite to oligoclase and abundant calcite-albite ocelli. Camptonite-II comprises K-rich hastingsite to magnesiohastingsite, Ti-rich annite, albite to andesine, abundant accessory titanite and apatite, and silicate ocelli filled mainly with plagioclase (An(4-34)). Age-corrected Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios vary from 0.51258 to 0.51269. The high epsilon(Nd) values of +4.0 to +6.1 which are consistent with intra-plate composition, together with light rare earth element (LREE), large ion lithophile element (LIE) and high field strength element (HFSE) enrichment in the camptonites is ascribed to the formation of small melt batches of a metasomatised sub-lithospheric mantle source. The presence of an asthenospheric 'high mu' ocean island basalt (HIMU-OIB)-type mantle component in the source region has also been revealed. A 1-4% degree of partial melting of an enriched garnet Iherzolite mantle source containing pargasitic amphibole followed by fractionation is inferred to have been involved in the generation of the camptonites. They are deduced to be parental melts to the Ditrau Alkaline Massif.
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| 8. |
- Bejgarn, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Palaeoproterozoic porphyry Cu-Au, intrusion-hosted Au and ultramafic Cu-Ni deposits in the Fennoscandian Shield: Temporal constraints using U-Pb geochronology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 174, s. 236-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Skellefte district, northern Sweden, is known for the occurrence of 1.89 Ga Palaeoproterozoic volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The deposits are hosted by the older part of a volcanosedimentary succession, which was intruded at 1.88-1.86 Ga by multiple phases of the syn-volcanic, early orogenic Jorn intrusive complex (JIC). The oldest phase of the JIC hosts different styles of mineralisation, among them porphyry Cu-Mo-Au, intrusion-related Au, and mafic-hosted Fe and Cu-Ni deposits. To discriminate between the different intrusive and ore related events, U-Pb ages of zircons have been obtained for nine intrusive phases and from Na-Ca alteration spatially related to mineralisation, while U-Pb ages of baddeleyite (ZrO2) have been used to constrain intrusive ages of three mineralised and barren mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks. The two main JIC intrusive phases of a granodioritic-tonalitic composition in the southern study area intruded at 1887 +/- 3 Ma and 1886 +/- 3 Ma, respectively, and were succeeded by the intrusion of layered mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks in the northern and southern study area at 1879 +/- 1 Ma and 1884 +/- 2 Ma, respectively. Emplacement of porphyry dykes took place at ca. 1877 Ma in the southern, western and northern JIC. The dykes are spatially and temporally associated with formation of porphyry style mineralisation, alteration and Au-mineralisation, as inferred from 1879 +/- 5 Ma zircons in adjacent Na-Ca alteration zones. High SiO2 and Al2O3 contents together with high Sr/Y ratios, mingling structures, mafic xenoliths and hornblende phenocrysts in the porphyry dykes suggest that the magma originated from hydrated partial melts, possibly from the base of the crust at a mature stage of subduction. Local extension resulted in intrusion of mafic-ultramafic rocks around 1.88 Ga prior to and after, the porphyry dykes and associated mineralisation, approximately 10 Ma after the formation of the spatially related 1.89 Ga VMS deposits in the Skellefte district. This 1.88 Ga event correlates with other 1.88 Ga mafic-ultramafic units widespread around the world, and could possibly be interpreted as a large scale response to supercontinent formation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bender, Hagen, et al.
(författare)
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Absolute timing of Caledonian orogenic wedge assembly, Central Sweden, constrained by Rb-Sr multi-mineral isochron data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 344, s. 339-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-mineral Rb-Sr isochron ages for mylonites of the Caledonian nappe pile (Jamtland, Sweden) constrain the orogenic evolution of the central Scandinavian Caledonides. An age of 437.8 +/- 3.9 Ma from a metamorphic leucosome in the central nappe stack dates crystallization of migmatized gneiss. Thirteen isotopic ages derived from mylonites across all structural levels are between 434.6 +/- 6.9 Ma and 426.3 +/- 3.1 Ma. These results, complemented by a dense network of kinematic field data, are interpreted to reflect the timing of protracted top-to-the-ESE general shear under decreasing amphibolite- to upper-greenschist-facies conditions across all nappes. Three samples, derived from the top, middle and bottom of the nappe pile, yield additional deformation ages between 416.0 +/- 3.6 Ma and 410.1 +/- 3.0 Ma. These ages are interpreted to represent post-assembly imbrication of the nappe stack under decreasing metamorphic conditions. The new tectonochronologic data are consistent with a tectonic model that explains nappe stacking in Jamtland by three stages of ESE-directed in- and out-of-sequence thrusting. In the first stage, postdating earlier subduction-exhumation of the high-grade metamorphic Seve Nappe Complex, the latter was emplaced in-sequence in the lower/mid-crust above nappes in its footwall (foreland) at c. 430 Ma. This event is related to the collision of Baltica with an island arc. Concurrently at c. 430 Ma, determined by paleogeography and structurally unrelated to the first stage, second-stage out-of-sequence thrusting emplaced the Kali Nappe Complex atop the developing nappe stack during final Baltica-Laurentia collision. Eventually, imbrication and exhumation of the composite Jamtland nappe stack in the uppermost middle crust during the third stage at c. 414 Ma was caused by continuous underthrusting of Baltica beneath Laurentia. This three-stage thrust model reflects the complex interactions of Baltica-arc-Laurentia collisions that were accommodated by two merging subduction zones.
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